Figure 3

Small \(\pmb{d_{2}}\) supports stable steady states of ( 4.1 ) with boundary spike or layer, where \(\pmb{d_{2}}\) are chosen to be \(\pmb{0.02,0.01,0.005}\) , and 0.001, and the remaining parameters and the initial data are as in Figure  2 . We observe that the steady state \(u(x)(v(x))\) approaches a nonconstant function with an (inverted) boundary spike at the end point \(x=1\) as \(d_{2}\) tends to zero.