Table 1 Parameter values used in the simulations

Basic reproduction number (\(R_{0}\))

1.4 or 2

Distance scaling factor (\(r_{0}\))

30 m

Incubation period (1/σ)

2 day

Infectious period (1/γ)

5 day

Initial infectious individuals

1-28%

Total number of algae individuals

900

Number of clusters

2-6

Algae population of each cluster

150-450

Area of each cluster

1,000 m²

Distance between clusters

30-600 m

Time step

10⁻³ day