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Theory and Modern Applications

Figure 4 | Advances in Difference Equations

Figure 4

From: Hopf bifurcation analysis in a fractional-order survival red blood cells model and \(\mathit{PD}^{\alpha} \) control

Figure 4Figure 4

Waveform plot and phase portrait of the controlled fractional-order model ( 4.2 ) with \(\pmb{\alpha = 0.92}\), \(\pmb{m = 0.2}\), \(\pmb{k_{p} = - 0.05}\), \(\pmb{k_{d} = 0.5}\) and the initial value \(\pmb{u_{0} = 2}\). A Hopf bifurcation occurs and the periodic oscillation bifurcates from \(u^{*}\), where \(\upsilon = 30 > \upsilon_{0}^{c} = 27.7129\).

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