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Theory and Modern Applications

Figure 4 | Advances in Difference Equations

Figure 4

From: Stability and Hopf bifurcation for a stage-structured predator–prey model incorporating refuge for prey and additional food for predator

Figure 4

Time series of \(u_{1}(t)\), \(u_{2}(t)\) and \(v(t)\) generated by the model (1.5): Three initial values are chosen as \((u_{1}(0),u_{2}(0),v(0)) = (7, 0.8, 16.5), (2, 4, 10), (0.3, 6, 12)\) marked red points, blue points and black points, respectively. The dashed line stands for \(u_{1}(t) = 3.025001035342410\), \(u_{2}(t) = 1.650000564732131\) and \(v(t) = 11.155001498913562\), respectively. (a\(\tau= 0\). (b\(\tau= 10\)

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