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Theory and Modern Applications

Table 3 Comparison of HOBW results and the Nystrom method for Example 7.3

From: Solution of fractional Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations under mixed boundary conditions by using the HOBW method

x

Exact

HOBW at M = 4, k = 3

Nystrom method

y(x)

Abs. Error

y(x)

Abs. Error

0

1

1

0

1

0

0.1

1.10517

1.105167

0.000003

1.10393

0.00123938

0.2

1.2214

1.22138

0.00002

1.21842

0.00297924

0.3

1.34986

1.349857

0.000003

1.34476

0.00510241

0.4

1.49182

1.491816

0.000004

1.4843

0.00752611

0.5

1.64872

1.648718

0.000002

1.63862

0.0101061

0.6

1.82212

1.822119

0.000001

1.80958

0.0125403

0.7

2.01375

2.013747

0.000003

1.99952

0.0142327

0.8

2.22554

2.225538

0.000002

2.21144

0.0141018

0.9

2.4596

2.45956

0.00004

2.44928

0.0103248