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Theory and Modern Applications

Table 8 The maximum absolute errors \(E_{x}\) and \(E_{u}\) at \(\mathcal{N} = 7\) and various values of α, ρ for \(x(t)\) and \(u(t)\), respectively

From: Numerical solutions of fractional optimal control with Caputo–Katugampola derivative

Example 2

ρ

\(E_{x}\)

\(E_{u}\)

\(\mathcal{J}\)

α = 0.5

0.2

1.6127e − 6

2.1652e − 4

1.2871e − 9

0.5

2.3090e − 6

3.2683e − 4

2.7911e − 9

0.8

1.9487e − 6

2.9596e − 4

2.1390e − 9

1

1.4956e − 6

2.4174e − 4

1.3476e − 9

1.2

1.0266e − 6

1.8003e − 4

6.9875e − 10

1.5

4.6305e − 7

9.3728e − 5

1.6861e − 10

α = 0.9

0.2

1.3134e − 6

3.6940e − 4

3.0913e − 9

0.5

1.2270e − 6

3.3083e − 4

2.3244e − 9

0.8

6.0882e − 7

1.3317e − 4

3.4361e − 10

1

2.0735e − 7

3.5322e − 5

2.2453e − 11

1.2

2.2995e − 7

2.4759e − 5

1.6117e − 11

1.5

4.5864e − 7

5.5041e − 5

6.7793e − 11