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Theory and Modern Applications

Table 2 Absolute and mean squared errors between the reported hospitalization data and hospitalization rate outputs of the PINN with training data covering the calendar weeks 10 in 2020 through 52 in 2021 if distinct weighting parameter values are used

From: A physics-informed neural network to model COVID-19 infection and hospitalization scenarios

size of α

diff (regularized by 10−5)

\(\mathrm{MSE}_{\mathrm{diff}}\) (regularized by 10−8)

0.3

4.7669

1.990189

0.5

3.6339

1.291875

0.65

3.6018

1.273610

0.9

2.0726

0.783272

0.93

1.7738

0.704100

0.94

1.3623

0.310871

0.945

1.1439

0.180857

0.9475

1.2032

0.230114

0.95

1.4719

0.415736

0.9525

1.5091

0.448027

0.955

1.5917

0.602143

0.96

1.7551

0.688926

0.97

2.2789

0.858422

0.98

2.7267

0.925258

0.99

2.7442

0.935908