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Theory and Modern Applications

Table 9 The comparison of absolute errors with the method in [25] for \(N=5\) and 8 in Example 3

From: A computational method based on the generalized Lucas polynomials for fractional optimal control problems

τ

N = 5

N = 8

\(\mathfrak{V}_{1}(\tau )\)

\(\mathfrak{V}_{2}(\tau )\)

\(\mathfrak{W}(\tau )\)

\(\mathfrak{V}_{1}(\tau )\)

\(\mathfrak{V}_{2}(\tau )\)

\(\mathfrak{W}(\tau )\)

The results obtained in [25]

0.0

5.0873 × 10−3

1.1759 × 10−4

3.7671 × 10−2

6.4701 × 10−4

9.2045 × 10−8

2.7317 × 10−3

0.2

1.3401 × 10−3

9.6759 × 10−6

6.1908 × 10−3

2.4746 × 10−5

7.0205 × 10−10

5.9560 × 10−4

0.4

4.8751 × 10−4

1.7241 × 10−6

1.1315 × 10−2

5.0303 × 10−5

1.1698 × 10−9

1.2007 × 10−4

0.6

4.3069 × 10−4

4.3754 × 10−7

1.0657 × 10−2

3.4906 × 10−5

9.3245 × 10−10

7.3763 × 10−5

0.8

1.2658 × 10−3

7.6358 × 10−6

4.7850 × 10−3

3.8725 × 10−5

1.6391 × 10−9

5.4601 × 10−4

1.0

4.8997 × 10−3

1.1139 × 10−4

3.4480 × 10−2

6.4545 × 10−4

8.9541 × 10−8

2.5760 × 10−3

The results obtained by our method

0.0

0.0

2 × 10−20

3.6908 × 10−9

0.0

8.0 × 10−20

5.6978 × 10−16

0.2

2.3436 × 10−5

2.1666 × 10−5

7.8041 × 10−6

5.8730 × 10−9

4.3139 × 10−9

1.8615 × 10−9

0.4

1.6825 × 10−5

1.5141 × 10−5

5.4356 × 10−6

8.0689 × 10−9

5.9364 × 10−9

2.5491 × 10−9

0.6

7.0832 × 10−6

7.1373 × 10−6

2.5745 × 10−6

7.8782 × 10−9

5.7997 × 10−9

2.4855 × 10−9

0.8

2.1970 × 10−5

2.0483 × 10−5

7.3610 × 10−6

5.0522 × 10−9

3.7254 × 10−9

1.5878 × 10−9

1.0

4.7942 × 10−8

3.0254 × 10−8

2.0 × 10−20

6.9046 × 10−15

4.0177 × 10−15

6.0 × 10−21