Table 2 A comparison of accuracy between the present scheme and the other methods when \(h=0.125\) and \(\tau =0.1\) at \(T=20\)

Scheme I

2.99 × 10⁻⁴

1.20 × 10⁻⁴

Scheme II [18, 19, 29]

12.973

4.9672

Scheme III [30]

7.6865

2.9312

Splitting method and cubic spline [10]

1961

67.4

Least-squares FES [11]

46.9

17.6

Bubnov–Galerkin method [12]

5.15

1.81

Linear Galerkin method [13]

5.11

1.98

Collocation method [14]

5.32

2.27

Lumped Galerkin method [15]

2.19

0.86

Galerkin method with extrapolation [16]

2.67

0.91

Local conservative schemes [17]

ILMP-I

0.15

0.05

ILMP-II

7.45

2.87

ELMP-I

6.66

2.58

ELMP-II

0.86

0.28

Galerkin method with cubic B-splines (h = 0.1) [36]

2.16

0.84