Skip to main content

Theory and Modern Applications

Table 3 Monotonicity of map \(\varphi (y_{k}^{+})\)

From: The impact of resource limitation on the pest-natural enemy ecosystem with anti-predator behavior and fear effect

Case

Interval

\(\mathcal{A}(y_{k}^{+})\)

f(y)

\(\varphi (y_{k}^{+} )\)

\(J_{21}\)(a)

In

\([0,{y_{{Q_{0}}}}]\)

\([0,{y_{{Q_{1}}}}]\)

\([0,{y_{{Q_{0}}}}]\)

De

\(({y_{{Q_{0}}}}, + \infty )\)

–

\(({y_{{Q_{0}}}}, + \infty )\)

\(J_{21}\)(b)

In

\([0,{y_{{Q_{0}}}}]\)

–

\(({y_{{Q_{0}}}}, + \infty )\)

De

\(({y_{{Q_{0}}}}, + \infty )\)

\([0,{y_{{Q_{1}}}}]\)

\([0,{y_{{Q_{0}}}}]\)

\(J_{21}\)(c)

In

\([0,{y_{{Q_{0}}}}]\)

\(( {\frac{{\sqrt {\tau \delta } - 1}}{\delta },{y_{{Q_{1}}}}} ]\)

\(({y_{d}},{y_{{Q_{0}}}})\), \(({y_{u}}, + \infty )\)

De

\(({y_{{Q_{0}}}}, + \infty )\)

\([ {0,\frac{{\sqrt {\tau \delta } - 1}}{\delta }} ]\)

\([0,{y_{d}}]\), \([{y_{{Q_{0}}}},{y_{u}}]\)

\(J_{22}\)(d)

In

\([0,{y_{{P_{2}}}}]\)

\([0,{y_{{T}}}]\)

\([0,{y_{{P_{2}}}}]\)

De

\([{y_{{P_{1}}}}, + \infty )\)

–

\([{y_{{P_{1}}}}, + \infty )\)

\(J_{22}\)(e)

In

\([0,{y_{{P_{2}}}}]\)

–

\([{y_{{P_{1}}}}, + \infty )\)

De

\([{y_{{P_{1}}}}, + \infty )\)

\([0,{y_{{T}}}]\)

\([0,{y_{{P_{2}}}}]\)

\(J_{22}\)(f)

In

\([0,{y_{{P_{2}}}}]\)

\(( {\frac{{\sqrt {\tau \delta } - 1}}{\delta },{y_{{T}}}} ]\)

\(({y_{D}},{y_{{P_{2}}}}]\), \(({y_{U}}, + \infty )\)

De

\([{y_{{P_{1}}}}, + \infty )\)

\([ {0,\frac{{\sqrt {\tau \delta } - 1}}{\delta }} ]\)

\([0,{y_{D}}]\), \([{y_{{P_{1}}}},{y_{U}}]\)