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On Some Arithmetical Properties of the Genocchi Numbers and Polynomials
Advances in Difference Equations volume 2008, Article number: 195049 (2009)
Abstract
We investigate the properties of the Genocchi functions and the Genocchi polynomials. We obtain the Fourier transform on the Genocchi function. We have the generating function of -Genocchi polynomials. We define the Cangul-Ozden-Simsek's type twisted
-Genocchi polynomials and numbers. We also have the generalized twisted
-Genocchi numbers attached to the Dirichlet's character
. Finally, we define zeta functions related to
-Genocchi polynomials and have the generating function of the generalized
-Genocchi numbers attached to
.
1. Introduction
After Carlitz introduced an interesting -analogue of Frobenius-Euler numbers in [1],
-Bernoulli and
-Euler numbers and polynomials have been studied by several authors. Recently, many authors have an interest in the
-extension of the Genocchi numbers and polynomials(cf. [2–5]). Kim et al. [5] defined the
-Genocchi numbers and the
-Genocchi polynomials. In [3], Kim derived the
-analogs of the Genocchi numbers and polynomials by constructing
-Euler numbers. He also gave some interesting relations between
-Euler and
-Genocchi numbers. The first author et al. [6] obtained the distribution relation for the Genocchi polynomials.
The main aim of this paper is to derive the Fourier transform for the Genocchi function. Recently, Kim [7] investigated the properties of the Euler functions and derived the interesting formula related to the infinite series by using the Fourier transform for the Euler function. In this paper, we investigate some arithmetical properties of the Genocchi functions and the Genocchi polynomials.
In [8], Cangul-Ozden-Simsek constructed new generating functions of the twisted -extension of twisted Euler polynomials and numbers attached to the Dirichlet character
. Cangul et al. [8] also defined the twisted
-extension of zeta functions, which interpolate the twisted
-extension of Euler numbers at negative integers. In this paper, we define the Cangul-Ozden-Simsek type twisted
-Genocchi polynomials and numbers. We have the generating function of
-Genocchi polynomials. We have the generalized twisted
-Genocchi numbers attached to the Dirichlet character
. We define zeta functions related to
-Genocchi polynomials and we have the generating function of the generalized
-Genocchi numbers attached to
.
Let be a fixed odd prime number. Throughout this paper
,
, and
will, respectively, denote the ring of
-adic rational integers, the field of
-adic rational numbers, the complex number field, and the completion of algebraic closure of
. Let
be the set of natural numbers and
. Let
be the normalized exponential valuation of
with
When one talks of
-extension,
is variously considered as an indeterminate, a complex number
or a
-adic number
. If
, one normally assumes
If
, then we assume
. We also use the following notations:

For , a fixed positive integer with
, set

where satisfies the condition
. The distribution is defined by

We say that is uniformly differential function at a point
, and we write
, if the difference quotients,
have a limit
as
.
For , the
-adic invariant
-integral on
is defined as

The fermionic -adic
-measures on
are defined as

and the fermionic -adic invariant
-integral on
is defined as

for . For
, we note that

where . (For details see [1–44].)
In this paper, we investigate arithmetical properties of the Genocchi functions and the Genocchi polynomials. In Section 2, we derive the Fourier transform on the Genocchi function. In Section 3, we define the Cangul-Ozden-Simsek type twisted -Genocchi polynomials and numbers. We have the generating function of
-Genocchi polynomials. We also have the generalized twisted
-Genocchi numbers attached to
. In Section 4, we define zeta functions related to
-Genocchi polynomials and we have the generating function of the generalized
-Genocchi numbers attached to
.
2. Genocchi Numbers and Functions
The Genocchi numbers are defined as

where we use the technique method notation by replacing by
, symbolically. From this definition, we can derive the following relation:

From (2.2), we note that ,
,
and
. The Genocchi polynomials
are defined as

From (2.1) and (2.3), we can derive

By (2.1), it is not difficult to show that the recurrence relation for the Genocchi numbers is given by

where is the Kronecker symbol.
From (2.4) and (2.5), we note that

Thus, we obtain the following lemma.
Lemma 2.1.
For
, one has
.
From (2.4), we can easily derive

By (2.7), we obtain the following proposition.
Proposition 2.2.
For
, one has

From now on, we assume that is the Genocchi function. Let us consider the Fourier transform for the Genocchi function
as follows.
For , the Fourier transform on the Genocchi function is given by

where

From (2.8) and (2.10), we note that

Thus, for , we have

From (2.4) and (2.10), we derive

From (2.12) and (2.13), we can derive

By (2.9) and (2.14), we have that and

Therefore, we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 2.3.
For
with
, one has

If we take , then we have

By (2.17) and Lemma 2.1, we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 2.4.
For
, one has

From Corollary 2.4, we note that

Thus, we have

By (2.20), we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 2.5.
For
, one has

3.
-Extension of Twisted Genocchi Numbers and Polynomials
In this section, we will define the -extensions of twisted Genocchi numbers and polynomials which are the Cangul-Ozden-Simsek type twisted
-Genocchi numbers and polynomials, respectively. We will have the generating function of
-Genocchi polynomials and the generalized twisted
-Genocchi numbers attached to
.
Let . Then, we have from the definition of the Genocchi numbers and the fermionic
-adic
-integral on
that

Thus, we obtain

For and
, we have

By (3.2) and (3.3), if we take , we easily see that

Thus, we have

If , then we know that

Thus, we get

We can consider the generalized Genocchi numbers as follows:

where . Let
with
. From (3.3) and (3.8), we note that

By (3.8) and (3.9), it is not difficult to show that

Thus, the distribution relations for the Genocchi numbers and the Genocchi polynomials for with
are obtained as follows (cf. [6]):

By using the multivariate integral, we can also consider the multiple Genocchi numbers and polynomials.
Let with
be indeterminate and let
. Then, we note that

Now, we define the Cangul-Ozden-Simsek type -Genocchi polynomials
as follows:

From (3.13), we note that

Let be the space of primitive
-th root of unity with

and let be the direct limit of
, that is,

and then is a
-adic locally constant space.
For , we define the Cangul-Ozden-Simsek type twisted
-Genocchi polynomials
as follows:

By (3.17), we have

From the result of Cangul et al. [8], we note that

where is the twisted
-Euler polynomials.
Let be the Dirichlet character with conductor
with
. Then, we consider the generalized Genocchi numbers attached to
as follows:

where .
From (3.3) and (3.20), we note that

By (3.20) and (3.21), it is not difficult to show that

Now, we also consider the Cangul-Ozden-Simsek type twisted -Genocchi numbers attached to
as follows.
For and
, we have

From (3.23), we have

From the result of Cangul et al. [8], we note that

where are called the generalized twisted
-Euler numbers attached to
.
4. Zeta Functions Related to the Genocchi Polynomials
In this section, we assume that with
. Let
be the generating function of
-Genocchi polynomials defined as follows:

where .
Then, we note that

By (4.1) and (4.2), we easily see that

for . Therefore, we obtain the following proposition.
Proposition 4.1.
For
, one has

From Proposition 4.1, we can derive the Genocchi zeta function which interpolates Genocchi polynomials related to -Genocchi polynomials at negative integers.
For , we define the Hurwitz-type Genocchi zeta functions related to
-Genocchi polynomials and numbers as follows.
Definition 4.2.
For
, one has

By Proposition 4.1 and Definition 4.2, we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 4.3.
For
, one has

The generating function of the generalized -Genocchi numbers attached to
is given by

where ,
with
. Therefore, we have

where is a nontrivial character with conductor
with
. From (4.8), it follows that

This is equivalent to

For with
, let
be a primitive Dirichlet character with conductor
. Then, we define

From (4.10) and (4.11), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 4.4.
For
, one has

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Park, K.H., Kim, YH. On Some Arithmetical Properties of the Genocchi Numbers and Polynomials. Adv Differ Equ 2008, 195049 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/195049
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/195049