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Permanence and Stable Periodic Solution for a Discrete Competitive System with Multidelays
Advances in Difference Equations volume 2009, Article number: 375486 (2010)
Abstract
The permanence and the existence of periodic solution for a discrete nonautonomous competitive system with multidelays are considered. Also the stability of the periodic solution is discussed. Numerical examples are given to confirm the theoretical results.
1. Introduction
In this paper, we consider the permanence and the periodic solution for the following discrete competitive model with -species and several delays:

In model (1.1), is the population density of the species
at n th time step (year, month, day),
represents the intrinsic growth rate of species
at n th time step, and
reflects the interspecific or intraspecific competitive intensity of species
to species
with time delay
at n th time step.
As a special case of model (1.1), the following discrete model

has been investigated as the discrete analogue of the well-known continuous Logistic model [1–4]:

And many complex dynamics, such as periodic cycles and chaotic behavior, were found in model (1.2) [2, 4, 5].
It is well known that the reproduction rate and the carrying capacity are intensively influenced by the environment; therefore the following model with time varying coefficients

was developed from model (1.2) and has been studied recently in [6].
An equivalent version of model (1.4) can be written as

Models (1.2), (1.4), and (1.5) are both considering of ecosystems for single-species. As a result of coupling equations both described by model (1.5), one can write out the following model for
-species:

If (
) is nonnegative sequences, model (1.6) represents the competitive ecosystem of Lotka-Volterra type with
-species [7]. When
, model (1.6) was introduced in [8] and recently has been studied in [9]. The autonomous case of (1.6) when
has been studied in [10] and the following permanent result was obtained [10, Theorem 2].
Lemma 1.1.
If , then (1.6) is permanent.
It is well known that the effect of time delay plays an important role in population dynamics [11]; therefore, model (1.1) can be constructed from model (1.6) while considering the effect of time delays. Obviously, models (1.2), (1.4), and (1.5) are special cases of model (1.1) for single-species. Model (1.6) is also special case of model (1.1) without delays. Some aspects of model (1.1) has been discussed in the literature. For example, the global asymptotical stability of (1.1) with and the permanence of (1.1) with
were investigated in [12]. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the permanence of the autonomous case of (1.1) with two-species

were obtained in [13].
In theoretical population dynamics, it is important whether or not all species in multispecies ecosystem can be permanent [14, 15]. Many permanent or persistent results have been obtained for continuous biomathematical models that are governed by differential equation(s). For example, one can refer to [11, 16–21] and references cited therein. However, permanent results on the delayed discrete-time competitive model of Lotka-Volterra type are rarely few [13, 22], especially with -species (
). In this manuscript, first we will obtain new sufficient conditions for the permanence of (1.1) when
.
The population densities observed in the field are usually oscillatory. What cause such phenomenon is a purpose to model population interactions [9, 23]. We will further investigate the existence and stability of the periodic solution for model (1.1) under the assumption that the coefficients of model (1.1) are all periodic with a common period.
The results obtained in this paper are complements to those related with model (1.1). We give some examples to show that the results here are not enclosed by other earlier works. The paper is organized as follows. In next section, we give some preliminaries and obtain the sufficient conditions which guarantee the permanence of model (1.1). In Section 3, we prove the existence of the positive periodic solution of model (1.1) and obtain the sufficient conditions for the stability of the periodic solution.
2. Preliminaries and Permanence
Due to the biological backgrounds of model (1.1), throughout this paper we make the following basic assumptions.
-
(H1)
and
(
) are sequences bounded from below and from above by positive constants.
-
(H2)
(
) and
(
) are nonnegative and bounded sequences.
-
(H3)
The initial values are given by
.
Next we give some definitions that will be be used in this paper. We write and
,
.
Definition 2.1.
We say that is a solution of (1.1) with initial values (
) if
satisfies (1.1) for
and
.
Under assumptions (), (
), and (
), solutions of model (1.1) are all consisting of positive sequences; such solution will be called positive solution of (1.1).
Definition 2.2.
Model (1.1) is said to be permanent if there are positive constants and
such that

for each positive solution of model (1.1).
Definition 2.3.
System (1.1) is strongly persistent if each positive solution of (1.1) satisfies

Definition 2.4.
If each positive solution of model (1.1) satisfies that
as
, we say that the solution
of (1.1) is globally attractive or globally stable, where
is the maximum norm of the Banach space
.
From Definitions 2.2 and 2.3, we know that model (1.1) is strongly persistent if model (1.1) is permanent. For the sake of simplicity, we introduce the following notations for any sequences :

Next we will discuss the sufficient conditions which guarantee that system (1.1) with initial conditions () is permanent. In the following, we denote
as the solutions of system (1.1) with initial conditions (
). Clearly,
is positive sequence.
Lemma 2.5.
If satisfies

for , where
is a positive sequence bounded from below and from above by positive constants and
is a positive integer, then there exists positive constant
such that

and .
Proof.
The proof of this lemma is similar to that of Lemma 1 in [24]; we omit the details.
Lemma 2.6.
If satisfies

for , where
and
are positive sequences bounded from below and from above by positive constants,
is a positive integer and
. Further, assume that
and
, then

Proof.
The proof of this lemma is similar to that of Lemma 2 in [24]; we omit the details.
In the following, we denote

Theorem 2.7.
Assume that

then model (1.1) is permanent.
Proof.
From model (1.1), we have

for . Therefore, by Lemma 2.5 there exists positive constants
such that

Hence,

for all large and
(
). By Lemma 2.6,
(
) provided that

where is a positive constant. Note that
for
, then

That is, (2.13) is satisfied if (2.9) holds. Moreover, if (2.9) holds, then and
(
).
Next we give an example to show the feasibility of the conditions of Theorem 2.7. This example also shows that Theorem 2.7 is not enclosed by other related works.
Example 2.8.
Let us consider the following competitive model:

where ,
,
.
From (2.15), ,
, and hence, (2.9) is satisfied. According to Theorem 2.7, system (2.15) is permanent (see Figure 1).
Remark 2.9.
The permanence of system (2.15) was also investigated in [12]. But our conditions which guarantee the permanence of (2.15) are different from that of [12, Lemma 5]. Adopting the same notations as [12, Lemma 5], we have ,
, and
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
. But
,
; that is, the assumptions
and
of [12, Lemma 5] are not satisfied. Therefore, the permanence of system (2.15) cannot be obtained by [12, Lemma 5].
Remark 2.10.
The global asymptotical stability of model (1.1) is studied in [12] under the assumption that model (1.1) is strongly persistent. But the authors of [12] did not discuss the strong persistence of model (1.1) with -species (
). Theorem 2.7 in this paper gives sufficient conditions which guarantee the strong persistence of model (1.1).
3. Periodic Solution
In this section, we assume that the coefficients of model (1.1) are periodic with common period , that is,

The aim of this section is to show the existence of positive periodic solution of model (1.1) under assumption (3.1) and further find additional conditions for the global stability of this positive periodic solution.
Theorem 3.1.
Let the assumptions of Theorem 2.7 and (3.1) be satisfied; then there exists a positive periodic solution of model (1.1) with the period .
Proof.
Model (1.1) is permanent by Theorem 2.7. Therefore, model (1.1) is point dissipative. It follows from [25, Theorem 4.3] that there exists a positive periodic solution of model (1.1). Note (3.1), and the coefficients of model (1.1) are all -periodic. Therefore, this solution is
-periodic.
Example 3.2.
Consider the following model:

Direct computation shows that the coefficients of model (3.2) satisfy the assumptions of Theorem 2.7. The coefficients of model (3.2) are all periodic with the common period 20. Hence, model (3.2) has a positive periodic solution by Theorem 3.1 (see Figures 2 and 3). Figures 4 and 5 show that the period of the sequences or
is 20, respectively. More precisely, the values of sequence
within a period are 0.7330, 0.7358, 0.7383, 0.7403, 0.7415, 0.7419, 0.7413, 0.7399, 0.7377, 0.7351, 0.7323, 0.7295, 0.7271, 0.7252, 0.7241, 0.7238, 0.7243, 0.7257, 0.7277, and 0.7302, respectively. The values of sequence
within a period are 0.3869, 0.3846, 0.3821, 0.3796, 0.3775, 0.3759, 0.3750, 0.3749, 0.3756, 0.3770, 0.3790, 0.3813, 0.3838, 0.3862, 0.3882, 0.3898, 0.3907, 0.3908, 0.3902, and 0.3889, respectively.
Next, we study the global stability of the positive periodic solution obtained in Theorem 3.1.
Theorem 3.3.
Let the assumptions of Theorem 3.1 be satisfied; further, assume that

i , then for every positive solution
of model (1.1), one has

where is the positive periodic solution obtained in Theorem 3.1.
Proof.
Let

where ) is the positive periodic solution of model (1.1). Model (1.1) can be rewritten as

Therefore,

where ,
,
,
.
In view of (3.3), we can choose such that

And from Theorem 2.7, there exists a positive integer such that

for and
given as above (
,
).
Notice that lies between
and
, and
lies between
and
(
,
), from (3.7), we have

for and
.
Denote

We have . Notice that
is arbitrarily given; from (3.10), we get

Therefore,

That is,

and (3.4) follows consequently.
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Acknowledgments
The research is supported by the foundation of Jiangsu Polytechnic University (ZMF09020020). The author would like to thank the editor Professor Jianshe Yu and the referees for their helpful comments and suggestions which greatly improved the presentation of the paper.
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Wu, C. Permanence and Stable Periodic Solution for a Discrete Competitive System with Multidelays. Adv Differ Equ 2009, 375486 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/375486
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/375486
Keywords
- Positive Constant
- Periodic Solution
- Global Stability
- Global Asymptotical Stability
- Positive Sequence