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On the Oscillation of Second-Order Neutral Delay Differential Equations
Advances in Difference Equations volume 2010, Article number: 289340 (2010)
Abstract
Some new oscillation criteria for the second-order neutral delay differential equation ,
are established, where
,
,
,
. These oscillation criteria extend and improve some known results. An example is considered to illustrate the main results.
1. Introduction
Neutral differential equations find numerous applications in natural science and technology. For instance, they are frequently used for the study of distributed networks containing lossless transmission lines; see Hale [1]. In recent years, many studies have been made on the oscillatory behavior of solutions of neutral delay differential equations, and we refer to the recent papers [2–23] and the references cited therein.
This paper is concerned with the oscillatory behavior of the second-order neutral delay differential equation

where
In what follows we assume that
(I1),
,
(I2)
(I3),
,
,
,
,
where
is a constant.
Some known results are established for (1.1) under the condition Grammatikopoulos et al. [6] obtained that if
and,
then the second-order neutral delay differential equation

oscillates. In [13], by employing Riccati technique and averaging functions method, Ruan established some general oscillation criteria for second-order neutral delay differential equation

Xu and Meng [18] as well as Zhuang and Li [23] studied the oscillation of the second-order neutral delay differential equation

Motivated by [11], we will further the investigation and offer some more general new oscillation criteria for (1.1), by employing a class of function operator
and the Riccati technique and averaging technique.
Following [11], we say that a function belongs to the function class
denoted by
if
where
which satisfies
for
and has the partial derivative
on
such that
is locally integrable with respect to
in
By choosing the special function
it is possible to derive several oscillation criteria for a wide range of differential equations.
Define the operator by

for and
The function
is defined by

It is easy to see that is a linear operator and that it satisfies

2. Main Results
In this section, we give some new oscillation criteria for (1.1). We start with the following oscillation criteria.
Theorem.
If

where then (1.1) oscillates.
Proof.
Let be a nonoscillatory solution of (1.1). Then there exists
such that
for all
Without loss of generality, we assume that
for all
From (1.1), we have

Therefore is a decreasing function. We claim that
for
Otherwise, there exists
such that
Then from (2.2) we obtain

and hence,

Taking we get
This contradiction proves that
for
Using definition of
and applying (1.1), we get for sufficiently large

and thus,

Integrating (2.6) from to
we obtain

Noting that we have

Since for
we can find a constant
such that
for
Then from (2.8) and the fact that
is eventually decreasing, we have

which is a contradiction to (2.1). This completes the proof.
Theorem 2.2.
Assume that and there exist functions
and
such that

where is defined as in Theorem 2.1, the operator
is defined by (1.5), and
is defined by (1.6). Then every solution
of (1.1) is oscillatory.
Proof.
Let be a nonoscillatory solution of (1.1). Then there exists
such that
for all
Without loss of generality, we assume that
,
, and
for all
Define

Then and

By (2.2) and the fact we get

From (2.11), (2.12), and (2.13), we have

Similarly, define

Then and

By (2.2) and the facting noting that
we get

From (2.15), (2.16), and (2.17), we have

Therefore, from (2.14) and (2.18), we get

From (2.6), we obtain

Applying to (2.20), we get

By (1.7) and the above inequality, we obtain

Hence, from (2.22) we have

that is,

Taking the super limit in the above inequality, we get

which contradicts (2.10). This completes the proof.
Remark 2.3.
With the different choice of and
Theorem 2.2 can be stated with different conditions for oscillation of (1.1). For example, if we choose
for
,
,
then

By Theorem 2.2 we can obtain the oscillation criterion for (1.1), the details are left to the reader.
For an application, we give the following example to illustrate the main results.
Example 2.4.
Consider the following equation:

Let ,
,
, and
then by Theorem 2.1 every solution of (2.27) oscillates; for example,
is an oscillatory solution of (2.27).
Remark 2.5.
The recent results cannot be applied in (2.27) since so our results are new ones.
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Acknowledgments
This research is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (60774004, 60904024), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (20080441126, 200902564), Shandong Postdoctoral Funded Project (200802018) and the Natural Scientific Foundation of Shandong Province (Y2008A28, ZR2009AL003), also supported by University of Jinan Research Funds for Doctors (XBS0843).
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Han, Z., Li, T., Sun, S. et al. On the Oscillation of Second-Order Neutral Delay Differential Equations. Adv Differ Equ 2010, 289340 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/289340
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/289340
Keywords
- Differential Equation
- Partial Differential Equation
- Ordinary Differential Equation
- Functional Analysis
- Functional Equation