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Existence of Solutions to Anti-Periodic Boundary Value Problem for Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations with Impulses
Advances in Difference Equations volume 2011, Article number: 915689 (2011)
Abstract
This paper discusses the existence of solutions to antiperiodic boundary value problem for nonlinear impulsive fractional differential equations. By using Banach fixed point theorem, Schaefer fixed point theorem, and nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type theorem, some existence results of solutions are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the main result.
1. Introduction
In this paper, we consider an antiperiodic boundary value problem for nonlinear fractional differential equations with impulses
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ1_HTML.gif)
where is a positive constant,
,
denotes the Caputo fractional derivative of order
,
,
,
and
satisfy that
,
,
,
and
represent the right and left limits of
at
.
Fractional differential equations have proved to be an excellent tool in the mathematic modeling of many systems and processes in various fields of science and engineering. Indeed, we can find numerous applications in viscoelasticity, electrochemistry, control, electromagnetic, porous media, and so forth. In consequence, the subject of fractional differential equations is gaining much importance and attention (see [1–6] and the references therein).
The theory of impulsive differential equations has found its extensive applications in realistic mathematic modeling of a wide variety of practical situations and has emerged as an important area of investigation in recent years. For the general theory of impulsive differential equations, we refer the reader to [7, 8]. Recently, many authors are devoted to the study of boundary value problems for impulsive differential equations of integer order, see [9–12].
Very recently, there are only a few papers about the nonlinear impulsive differential equations and delayed differential equations of fractional order.
Agarwal et al. in [13] have established some sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions for a class of initial value problems for impulsive fractional differential equations involving the Caputo farctional derivative. Ahmad et al. in [14] have discussed some existence results for the two-point boundary value problem involving nonlinear impulsive hybrid differential equation of fractional order by means of contraction mapping principle and Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem. By the similar way, they have also obtained the existence results for integral boundary value problem of nonlinear impulsive fractional differential equations (see [15]). Tian et al. in [16] have obtained some existence results for the three-point impulsive boundary value problem involving fractional differential equations by the means of fixed points method. Maraaba et al. in [17, 18] have established the existence and uniqueness theorem for the delay differential equations with Caputo fractional derivatives. Wang et al. in [19] have studied the existence and uniqueness of the mild solution for a class of impulsive fractional differential equations with time-varying generating operators and nonlocal conditions.
To the best of our knowledge, few papers exist in the literature devoted to the antiperiodic boundary value problem for fractional differential equations with impulses. This paper studies the existence of solutions of antiperiodic boundary value problem for fractional differential equations with impulses.
The organization of this paper is as follows. In Section 2, we recall some definitions of fractional integral and derivative and preliminary results which will be used in this paper. In Section 3, we will consider the existence results for problem (1.1). We give three results, the first one is based on Banach fixed theorem, the second one is based on Schaefer fixed point theorem, and the third one is based on the nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type. In Section 4, we will give an example to illustrate the main result.
2. Preliminaries
In this section, we present some basic notations, definitions, and preliminary results which will be used throughout this paper.
Definition 2.1 (see [4]).
The Caputo fractional derivative of order of a function
is defined as
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ2_HTML.gif)
where denotes the integer part of the real number
.
Definition 2.2 (see [4]).
The Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order of a function
,
, is defined as
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ3_HTML.gif)
provided that the right side is pointwise defined on .
Definition 2.3 (see [4]).
The Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order of a continuous function
is given by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ4_HTML.gif)
where and
denotes the integer part of real number
, provided that the right side is pointwise defined on
.
For the sake of convenience, we introduce the following notation.
Let .
. We define
and
exists, and
. Obviously,
is a Banach space with the norm
.
Definition 2.4.
A function is said to be a solution of (1.1) if
satisfies the equation
for
, the equations
,
, and the condition
.
Lemma 2.5 (see [20]).
Let ; then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ5_HTML.gif)
for some ,
.
Lemma 2.6 (nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type [21]).
Let be a Banach space with
closed and convex. Assume that
is a relatively open subset of
with
and
is continuous, compact map. Then either
-
(1)
has a fixed point in
, or
-
(2)
there exists
and
with
.
Lemma 2.7 (Schaefer fixed point theorem [22]).
Let be a convex subset of a normed linear space
and
. Let
be a completely continuous operator, and let
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ6_HTML.gif)
Then either is unbounded or
has a fixed point.
Lemma 2.8.
Assume that . A function
is a solution of the antiperiodic boundary value problem
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ7_HTML.gif)
if and only if is a solution of the integral equation
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ8_HTML.gif)
Proof.
Assume that satisfies (2.6). Using Lemma 2.5, for some constants
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ9_HTML.gif)
Then, we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ10_HTML.gif)
If , then we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ11_HTML.gif)
where are arbitrary constants. Thus, we find that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ12_HTML.gif)
In view of and
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ13_HTML.gif)
Hence, we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ14_HTML.gif)
Repeating the process in this way, the solution for
can be written as
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ15_HTML.gif)
On the other hand, by (2.14), we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ16_HTML.gif)
By the boundary conditions , we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ17_HTML.gif)
Substituting the values of and
into (2.8), (2.14), respectively, we obtain (2.7).
Conversely, we assume that is a solution of the integral equation (2.7). By a direct computation, it follows that the solution given by (2.7) satisfies (2.6). The proof is completed.
3. Main Result
In this section, our aim is to discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the problem (1.1).
Theorem 3.1.
Assume that
there exists a constant such that
, for each
and all
;
there exist constants such that
,
, for each
and all
.
If
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ18_HTML.gif)
then problem (1.1) has a unique solution on .
Proof.
We transform the problem (1.1) into a fixed point problem. Define an operator by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ19_HTML.gif)
where is with the norm
. Let
; then for each
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ20_HTML.gif)
Therefore,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ21_HTML.gif)
Since
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ22_HTML.gif)
consequently is a contraction; as a consequence of Banach fixed point theorem, we deduce that
has a fixed point which is a solution of the problem (1.1).
Theorem 3.2.
Assume that
the function is continuous and there exists a constant
such that
for each
and all
;
the functions are continuous and there exist constants
such that
,
, for all
,
.
Then the problem (1.1) has at least one solution on .
Proof.
We will use Schaefer fixed-point theorem to prove has a fixed point. The proof will be given in several steps.
Step 1.
is continuous.
Let be a sequence such that
in
; we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ23_HTML.gif)
Since are continuous functions, then we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ24_HTML.gif)
Step 2.
maps bounded sets into bounded sets in
.
Indeed, it is enough to show that for any , there exists a positive constant
such that, for each
, we have
. By
and
, for each
, we can obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ25_HTML.gif)
Therefore,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ26_HTML.gif)
Step 3.
maps bounded sets into equicontinuous sets in
.
Let be a bounded set of
as in Step 2, and let
. For each
, we can estimate the derivative
:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ27_HTML.gif)
Hence, let ; we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ28_HTML.gif)
So is equicontinuous in
. As a consequence of Steps 1 to 3 together with the Arzela-Ascoli theorem, we can conclude that
is completely continuous.
Step 4.
A priori bounds.
Now it remains to show that the set
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ29_HTML.gif)
is bounded. Let for some
. Thus, for each
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ30_HTML.gif)
For each , by
and
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ31_HTML.gif)
This shows that the set is bounded. As a consequence of Schaefer fixed-point theorem, we deduce that
has a fixed point which is a solution of the problem (1.1).
In the following theorem we give an existence result for the problem (1.1) by applying the nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type and by which the conditions and
are weakened.
Theorem 3.3.
Assume that and the following conditions hold.
There exists and
continuous and nondecreasing such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ32_HTML.gif)
There exist continuous and nondecreasing such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ33_HTML.gif)
There exists a number such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ34_HTML.gif)
where .
Then (1.1) has at least one solution on .
Proof.
Consider the operator defined in Theorem 3.1. It can be easily shown that
is continuous and completely continuous. For
and each
, let
. Then from
and
, and we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ35_HTML.gif)
Thus,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ36_HTML.gif)
Then by , there exists
such that
. Let
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ37_HTML.gif)
The operator is a continuous and completely continuous. From the choice of
, there is no
such that
for some
. As a consequence of the nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type, we deduce that
has a fixed point
in
which is a solution of the problem (1.1). This completes the proof.
4. Example
Let ,
,
. We consider the following boundary value problem:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ38_HTML.gif)
where
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ39_HTML.gif)
Obviously . Further,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F915689/MediaObjects/13662_2010_Article_80_Equ40_HTML.gif)
Thus, all the assumptions of Theorem 3.1 are satisfied. Hence, by the conclusion of Theorem 3.1, the impulsive fractional antiperiodic boundary value problem has a unique solution on .
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (10971173), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (10JJ3096), the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province, and the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province.
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Chen, A., Chen, Y. Existence of Solutions to Anti-Periodic Boundary Value Problem for Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations with Impulses. Adv Differ Equ 2011, 915689 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/915689
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/915689