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Fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphisms in induced fuzzy C*-algebras
Advances in Difference Equations volume 2012, Article number: 42 (2012)
Abstract
Using fixed point method, we prove the fuzzy version of the Hyers-Ulam stability of n-Jordan *-homomorphisms in induced fuzzy C*-algebras associated with the following functional equation
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): Primary 46S40; 47S40; 39B52; 47H10; 46L05.
1. Introduction and preliminaries
The stability of functional equations originated from a question of Ulam [1] concerning the stability of group homomorphisms in 1940. More precisely, he proposed the following problem: Given a group , a metric group and ε > 0, does there exist a δ > 0 such that if a function satisfies the inequality d(f(xy), f(x)f(y)) < δ for all , then there exists a homomorphism such that d(f(x), T(x)) < ε for all Hyers [2] gave a partial solution of the Ulam's problem for the case of approximate additive mappings under the assumption that
and are Banach spaces. Aoki [3] generalized the Hyers' theorem for approximately additive mappings. Rassias [4] generalized the theorem of Hyers by considering the stability problem with unbounded Cauchy differences.
Let X be a set. A function d: X × X → [0, ∞] is called a generalized metric on X if d satisfies
-
(1)
d(x, y) = 0 if and only if x = y;
-
(2)
d(x, y) = d(y, x) for all x, y ∈ X;
-
(3)
d(x, z) ≤ d(x, y) + d(y, z) for all x, y, z ∈ X.
We recall a fundamental result in fixed point theory.
Theorem 1.1. [5, 6]Let (X, d) be a complete generalized metric space and let J: X → X be a strictly contractive mapping with Lipschitz constant L < 1. Then for each given element x ∈ X, either
for all nonnegative integers n or there exists a positive integer n 0 such that
-
(1)
d(Jnx, Jn+1x) < ∞, ∀n ≥ n0;
-
(2)
the sequence {Jnx} converges to a fixed point y* of J;
-
(3)
y* is the unique fixed point of J in the set ;
-
(4)
for all y ∈ Y.
Isac and Rassias [7] were the first to provide applications of stability theory of functional equations for the proof of new fixed point theorems with applications. By using fixed point methods, the stability problems of several functional equations have been extensively investigated by a number of authors (see [8–12]).
Katsaras [13] defined a fuzzy norm on a vector space to construct a fuzzy vector topological structure on the space. Some mathematics have defined fuzzy normed on a vector space from various points of view [14–20]. In particular, Bag and Samanta [21] following Cheng and Mordeson [22], gave an idea of fuzzy norm in such a manner that the corresponding fuzzy metric is of Kramosil and Michalek type [23]. They established a decomposition theorem of a fuzzy norm into a family of crisp norms and investigated some properties of fuzzy normed spaces [24].
We use the definition of fuzzy normed spaces given in [16, 17, 21] to investigate a fuzzy version of the Hyers-Ulam stability of n-Jordan *-homomorphisms in induced fuzzy C*- algebras associated with the following functional equation
Definition 1.2. [16–18, 21] Let be a complex vector space. A function is called a fuzzy norm on
if for all and all s, t ∈ ℝ,
N1: N(x, t) = 0 for t ≤ 0
N2: x = 0 if and only if N(x, t) = 1 for all t > 0
N3: if c ∈ ℂ-{0}
N4: N(x + y, s + t) ≥ min{N(x, s), N(y, t)}
N5: N(x, ·) is a non-decreasing function of ℝ and limt→∞N(x, t) = 1
N6: for x ≠ 0, N(x, .) is continuous on ℝ.
The pair is called a fuzzy normed vector space.
Definition 1.3. [16–18, 21] Let be a fuzzy normed vector space.
-
(1)
A sequence {x n } in χ is said to be convergent if there exists an x ∈ χ such that limn→∞N(x n - x, t) = 1 for all t > 0. In this case, x is called the limit of the sequence {x n } and we denote it by N- lim n→∞ x n = x.
-
(2)
A sequence {x n } in χ is called Cauchy if for each ε > 0 and each t > 0 there exists an n0 ∈ ℕ such that for all n ≥ n0 and all p > 0, we have N(xn+p-x n , t) > 1-ε.
It is well-known that every convergent sequence in a fuzzy normed vector space is Cauchy. If each Cauchy sequence is convergent, then the fuzzy norm is said to be complete and the fuzzy normed vector space is called a fuzzy Banach space.
We say that a mapping between fuzzy normed vector space is continuous at point if for each sequence {x
n
} converging to x0 in , then the sequence {f(x
n
)} converges to f (x0). If is continuous at each , then is said to be continuous on
(see [24]).
Definition 1.4. Let be a *-algebra and a fuzzy normed space.
-
(1)
The fuzzy normed space is called a fuzzy normed *-algebra if
-
(2)
A complete fuzzy normed *-algebra is called a fuzzy Banach *-algebra.
Example 1.5. Let be a normed *-algebra. let
Then N(x, t) is a fuzzy norm on and is a fuzzy normed *-algebra.
Definition 1.6. Let be a C*-algebra and a fuzzy norm on .
-
(1)
The fuzzy normed *-algebra is called an induced fuzzy normed *-algebra
-
(2)
The fuzzy Banach *-algebra is called an induced fuzzy C*-algebra.
Definition 1.7. Let and be induced fuzzy normed *-algebras. Then a ℂ-linear mapping is called a fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphism if
for all .
Throughout this article, assume that is an induced fuzzy normed *-algebra and that is an induced fuzzy C*-algebra.
2. Main results
Lemma 2.1. Let be a fuzzy normed vector space and let be a mapping such that
for all and all t > 0. Then f is additive, i.e., f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all .
Proof. Letting x = y = z = 0 in (2.1), we get
for all t > 0. By N5 and N6, N(f(0), t) = 1 for all t > 0. It follows from N2 that f(0) = 0.
Letting z = -x, y = x, x = 0 in (2.1), we get
for all t > 0. It follows from N2 that f(-x) + f(x) = 0 for all . So
for all .
Letting x = 0 and replacing y, z by 3y, 3z, respectively, in (2.1), we get
for all t > 0. It follows from N2 that
for all . Let t = 2y-z and s = 2z-y in (2.2), we obtain
for all , as desired. □
Using fixed point method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphisms in induced fuzzy C*-algebras.
Theorem 2.2. Let be a function such that there exists an with
for all . Let be a mapping such that
for all , all t > 0 and all . Then exists for each and defines a fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphism such that
for all and all t > 0.
Proof. Letting μ = 1 and y = z = 0 in (2.4), we get
for all .
Consider the set
and introduce the generalized metric on S:
where, as usual, inf ϕ = +∞. It is easy to show that (S, d) is complete (see the proof of [[25], Lemma 2.1]).
Now we consider the linear mapping J: S → S such that
for all x ∈ X.
Let g, h ∈ S be given such that d(g, h) = ε. Then
for all and all t > 0. Hence
for all and all t > 0. So d(g, h) = ε implies that d(Jg, Jh) ≤ Lε. This means that
for all g, h ∈ S.
It follows from (2.8) that d(f, Jf) ≤ 1.
By Theorem 1.1, there exists a mapping satisfying the following:
-
(1)
H is a fixed point of J, i.e.,
(2.9)
for all . The mapping H is a unique fixed point of J in the set
This implies that H is a unique mapping satisfying (2.9) such that there exists a α ∈ (0, ∞) satisfying
for all ;
-
(2)
d(Jk f, H) → 0 as k → ∞. This implies the equality
for all ;
-
(3)
, which implies the inequality
This implies that the inequality (2.7) holds.
It follows from (2.3) that
for all .
By (2.4),
for all , all t > 0 and all . So
for all , all t > 0 and all . Since for all and all t > 0,
for all , all t > 0 and all . Thus
for all , all t > 0 and all . Letting x = y = z = 0 in (2.10), we get H(0) = 0. Let μ = 1 and x = 0 in (2.10). By the same reasoning as in the proof of Lemma 2.1, one can easily show that H is additive. Letting y = z = 0 in (2.10), we get
for all and all . By [[26], Theorem 2.1], the mapping is ℂ-linear.
By (2.5),
for all and all t > 0. So
for all and all t > 0. Since for all and all t > 0,
for all and all t > 0. Thus, H(xn) - H(x)n = 0 for all .
By (2.6),
for all and all t > 0. So
for all and all t > 0. Since for all and all t > 0,
for all and all t > 0. Thus, H(x*) - H(x)* = 0 for all .
Therefore, the mapping is a fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphism. □
Corollary 2.3. Let θ ≥ 0 and let p be a real number with p > n. Let be a normed vector space with norm || · ||. Let be a mapping satisfying
for all , all t > 0 and all . Then exists for each and defines a fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphism such that
for all and all t > 0.
Proof. The proof follows from Theorem 2.2 by taking
and L = 3l-p.
Theorem 2.4. Let be a function such that there exists an L < 1 with
for all . Let be a mapping satisfying (2.4), (2.5), and (2.6). Then exists for each and defines a fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphism such that
for all and all t > 0.
Proof. Let (S, d) be the generalized metric space defined in the proof of Theorem 2.2.
Consider the linear mapping J: S → S such that
for all .
It follows from (2.8) that
for all and all t > 0. So d(f, Jf) ≤ L. Hence
which implies that the inequality (2.14) holds.
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.2. □
Corollary 2.5. Let θ ≥ 0 and let p be a positive real number with p < 1. Let be a normed vector space with norm || · || Let be a mapping satisfying (2.11), (2.12), and (2.13). Then exists for each and defines a fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphism such that
for all and all t > 0.
Proof. The proof follows from Theorem 2.4 by taking
and L = 3p-l. □
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Acknowledgements
C. Park was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2009-0070788). S.Y. Jang was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2011-0004872).
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All authors conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, drafted the manuscript, participated in the sequence alignment, and read and approved the final manuscript.
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Park, C., Ghaleh, S.G., Ghasemi, K. et al. Fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphisms in induced fuzzy C*-algebras. Adv Differ Equ 2012, 42 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1847-2012-42
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1847-2012-42
Keywords
- fuzzy n-Jordan *-homomorphism
- induced fuzzy C*-algebra
- Hyers-Ulam stability.