Multi-valued backward stochastic differential equations with regime switching

Abstract

The paper considers a class of multi-valued backward stochastic differential equations with subdifferential of a lower semi-continuous convex function with regime switching, whose generator is a continuous-time Markov chain with a finite state space. Firstly, we get the existence and uniqueness of the solution by the penalization method. Secondly, we prove that the solution of the original system is weakly convergent. Finally, we give an application to the homogenization of a class of multi-valued PDEs with Markov chain.

1 Introduction

In recent years, many researchers have done a lot of interesting work on nonlinear backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs, in short) with different generators.

As an important mathematical tool in probability theory, Markov chain has vast applications in diverse fields. One can see Siu [1] for more details. From the numerical point of view, diffusions are generally approximated by Markov chains. Thus, there is a great motivation to discuss Markov chain systems. Based on these facts, Lu and Ren [2] considered a class of mean-field BSDEs based on finite-state, continuous time Makov chain. Tao et al. [3] proposed a class of BSDEs coupled with a finite state Markov chain, which has two-time scale structure:

$$ Y_{t}=\xi + \int _{t}^{T}f(s,\alpha _{s},Y_{s}) \,ds- \int _{t}^{T} Z_{s}\,dB _{s} - \sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} W_{s}(j)\,d\tilde{ \mathcal{V}} _{s}(j). $$

Based on Meyer–Zheng topology, they showed that the solution is weakly convergent. In that paper, the corresponding reaction-diffusion equations were explained in the sense of viscosity solution, and the convergence of PDEs was proved.

In recent years, the development of BSDEs has been very rapid. The extension forms of BSDEs are various. Wu and Zhang [4] focused on BDSDEs which are locally monotone assumptions. At the end of that paper, the Sobolev weak solutions for a kind of SPDEs were given. This conclusion greatly broadens the applicability of this kind of equations. Some conclusions obtained in BSDEs are also widely used in other fields. Wei et al. [5] dealt with the Sobolev weak solution of HJB equation, in which the nonlinear Doob–Meyer decomposition theorem obtained from the BSDEs is the main contributor.

In particular, Pardoux and Răşcanu [6] gave some results about multi-valued BSDEs (MBSDEs, in short). In that paper, they presented a probabilistic interpretation for the viscosity solution of some parabolic and elliptic variational inequalities. Recently, there have been many interesting developments about MBSDEs, one can see Yang et al. [7], Guo [8], Malinowski [9], etc. These achievements have enriched the theoretical system of MBSDEs, and some of them also gave relevant applications.

Under the framework, we continue to discuss the class of multi-valued BSDEs as follows:

$$ Y_{t}=\xi + \int _{t}^{T}f(s,\alpha _{s},Y_{s},Z_{s},W_{s}) \,ds- \int _{t} ^{T} Z_{s} \,dB_{s} - \sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} W_{s}(j)\,d \tilde{ \mathcal{V}}_{s}(j)- \int _{t}^{T} U_{s} \,ds, $$

in which the function f not only relates to the process Y, but also relates to the processes Z and W. What is more, the function f here contains a Markov chain.

Firstly, we do some preparation for follow-up certification. Secondly, we give the main results of this paper. Then, we prove the weak convergence result under the Meyer–Zheng topology. Finally, we give the homogenization of a class of multi-valued PDEs with Markov chain.

2 Basic assumptions, preliminaries, and notations

At the beginning of the paper, we introduce some foundations of the follow-up discussion, such as the definition of multi-valued BSDEs, notations, assumptions, and so on.

Suppose that ($\varOmega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P}$) is a probability space, $\{B_{t}, t\in [0,T]\}$ is a d-dimensional Brownian motion, $\{\alpha _{t}, t\in [0,T]\}$ is a finite state Markov chain, and the state space is $I=\{1, 2,\ldots,m\}$, in which m is a positive integer. The transition intensities are $\lambda _{ij}(t)$ for $i\neq j$, which is nonnegative and bounded. And $\lambda _{ii}(t) = - \sum_{j\in I \setminus \{i\}} \lambda _{ij}(t)$. Suppose that $\mathbb{F}=(\mathcal{F}_{t})_{t}\in [0, T]$ is a filtration which is generated by $\{B_{s}, \alpha _{s}; s\in [0, T]\}$ and augmented by all $\mathbb{P}$-null sets of $\mathcal{F}$.

In this paper, $\mathcal{V}_{t}(j)$ is the number of jumps of $\{\alpha _{s}\}$, and ϕ is a lower semi-continuous convex function defined on $\mathbb{R}$. More details can be found in [3].

The multi-valued BSDEs with the Markov chain are defined as follows.

Definition 1

The solution is a quadruple of $(Y_{t},Z_{t},U_{t}, W_{t})_{0\leq t \leq T}$ of progressively measurable processes, which takes values in $\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^{1\times d} \times \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^{m} \to \mathbb{R}$ and satisfies that:

• (i) $\mathbb{E} (\sup_{0\leq t\leq T}|Y_{t}|^{2} )<\infty, \mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{T}|Z_{t}|^{2}\,dt<\infty$,$\mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{T}|W_{t}(j)|^{2} \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{t-}\neq j \}}\lambda _{\alpha _{t-},j}(t)\,dt<\infty$, $\mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{T}|U _{t}|^{2}\,dt<\infty$;

• (ii) For all $0\leq t\leq T$, it holds that

  $$\begin{aligned} Y_{t}={}&\xi + \int _{t}^{T}f(s,\alpha _{s},Y_{s},Z_{s},W_{s}) \,ds- \int _{t} ^{T} Z_{s} \,dB_{s} \\ &{}- \sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} W_{s}(j)\,d \tilde{ \mathcal{V}}_{s}(j)- \int _{t}^{T} U_{s} \,ds; \end{aligned}$$

  (2.1)

• (iii) $\mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{T} \phi (Y_{s})\,ds < +\infty$;

• (iv) $(Y_{t},U_{t})\in \partial \phi,dP\times \,ds$, a.e. on $[0,T]$, in which

  $$ \partial \phi (u)= \bigl\{ u^{*} \in \mathbb{R}: \bigl\langle u^{*}, v-u \bigr\rangle + \phi (u)\leq \phi (v),\forall v\in \mathbb{R} \bigr\} . $$

If the quadruple $(Y,Z,U,W)$ is the solution of BSDE (2.1), we use the symbol $(Y,Z,U, W)\in \operatorname{BSDE}(\xi,T;\phi,f)$.

We propose some assumptions as follows.

• (A1) The terminal value ξ is $\mathcal{F}_{T}$-measurable such that

  $$ \mathbb{E} \vert \xi \vert ^{2}< \infty, \quad\xi \in \overline{ \operatorname{Dom}(\phi )} \quad\text{and}\quad \mathbb{E} \bigl\vert \phi (\xi ) \bigr\vert < +\infty. $$

• (A2) The function $f: \varOmega \times [0, T] \times I \times \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^{1\times d}\times \mathbb{R}^{m}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is progressively measurable, and for $i\in I$, it holds that

  $$ \mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{T} \bigl\vert f(s, i, 0, 0, 0) \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds < +\infty, \quad\forall i \in I. $$

• (A3) For $i \in I, t\in [0,T], y, \widetilde{y}\in \mathbb{R}, z, \widetilde{z}\in \mathbb{R}^{1\times d}$, there exist constants $\beta \in \mathbb{R}$, $\mu, \sigma, L\geq 0$, and φ is an $\mathcal{F}_{t}$-progressively measurable process such that:

  • (a) $(y,z,w) \longmapsto f(t,i,y,z,w)$ is a continuous function.

  • (b) $\langle y-\widetilde{y}, f(t,i,y,z,w)-f(t,i, \widetilde{y},z,w)\rangle \leq \beta |y-\widetilde{y}|^{2}$, $| f(t,i,y,z,w)-f(t,i,y,\widetilde{z},w) | \leq \mu |z- \widetilde{z}|$, $| f(t,i,y,z,w)-f(t,i,y,z,\widetilde{w}) | \leq L |w- \widetilde{w}|$, $| f(t,i,y,0,0) | \leq \varphi (t) + \sigma |y|$.

  • (c) $\mathbb{E} (\int _{0}^{T} |\varphi (s)|^{2} \,ds )< \infty$.

3 A priori estimates and existence and uniqueness result

3.1 The results of existence and uniqueness

Now, we begin by showing Theorem 2, which is the main results of this paper. But the proof of this theorem needs a lot of supporting propositions, so it will be presented later.

Theorem 2

Let assumptions (A1)–(A3) be satisfied. Then BSDE (2.1) has a unique solution ${\{ (Y_{t}, Z_{t}, U_{t}, W_{t})\}_{0\leq t\leq T}}$such that

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \int _{\tau }^{T} \vert Z_{s} \vert ^{2} \,ds +\mathbb{E} \biggl(\sum_{j \in I} \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}(j) \bigr\vert ^{2} \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j \}}\lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr)\leq C \varPhi _{1}(\tau, T), \end{aligned}$$

(3.1a)

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T } \vert Y_{t} \vert ^{2} \Bigr)\leq C \varPhi _{1}(\tau, T), \end{aligned}$$

(3.1b)

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \phi (Y_{\tau })\leq C \varPhi _{2}(\tau, T), \end{aligned}$$

(3.1c)

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \int _{\tau }^{T} \vert U_{s} \vert ^{2} \,ds \leq C \varPhi _{2}(\tau, T), \end{aligned}$$

(3.1d)

where $\tau \in [0,T]$is a stopping time,

$$\begin{aligned} & \varPhi _{1} (\tau, T)=\mathbb{E} \biggl( \vert \xi \vert ^{2} + \sum_{i\in I} \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\vert f(s,i,0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr), \end{aligned}$$

(3.2a)

$$\begin{aligned} & \varPhi _{2} (\tau, T)=\mathbb{E} \biggl( \vert \xi \vert ^{2} + \phi (\xi )+ \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\vert \varphi (s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr). \end{aligned}$$

(3.2b)

Proposition 3

Let assumptions (A1)–(A3) be satisfied. If $(Y,Z,U,W)\in \operatorname{BSDE} (\xi,T;\phi,f)$and $(\tilde{Y}, \tilde{Z},\tilde{U},\tilde{W})\in \operatorname{BSDE} (\tilde{\xi },T; \phi,\tilde{f})$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{T} \vert Z_{s}- \tilde{Z_{s}} \vert ^{2} \,ds +\mathbb{E} \biggl( \sum _{j\in I} \int _{0}^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}(j)- \tilde{W}_{s}(j) \bigr\vert ^{2}\mathbf{1} _{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}}\lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr)\leq C \Delta (T), \end{aligned}$$

(3.3a)

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{0 \leq t \leq T } \vert Y_{t}- \tilde{Y}_{t} \vert ^{2} \Bigr)\leq C \Delta (T), \end{aligned}$$

(3.3b)

where

$$\mathrm{\Delta }(T)=\mathbb{E}(|\xi -\tilde{\xi }{|}^2+{\int }_0^T|f(s,{\alpha }_s,Y_s,Z_s,W_s)-\tilde{f}(s,{\alpha }_s,Y_s,Z_s,W_s){|}^{2}ds).$$

(3.4)

Corollary 4

Let assumptions (A1)–(A3) be satisfied. There exists a unique quadruple $(Y,Z,U,W)$which satisfies BSDE (2.1) such that

$$\begin{aligned} & \lim_{t\rightarrow \infty } \mathbb{E} \vert Y_{t} \vert ^{2}=0, \end{aligned}$$

(3.5a)

$$\begin{aligned} & (Y_{t},U_{t})\in \partial \phi,\qquad dP \times dt, \quad\textit{a.e. on } [0,T]. \end{aligned}$$

(3.5b)

Moreover,

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \biggl(\sup_{t\geq 0} \vert Y_{t} \vert ^{2} + \int _{0}^{\infty } \vert Z_{s} \vert ^{2} \,ds + \sum_{j\in I} \int _{0}^{\infty } \bigl\vert W _{s}(j) \bigr\vert ^{2} \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}} \lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr) \\ &\quad \leq C \mathbb{E} \sum_{i\in I} \int _{0}^{\infty } \bigl\vert f(s,i,0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds, \end{aligned}$$

(3.6a)

$$\begin{aligned} & \sup_{t\geq 0 }\mathbb{E}\phi (Y_{t})+ \mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{\infty } \vert U _{s} \vert ^{2} \,ds \leq C\mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{\infty } \bigl\vert \varphi (s) \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds. \end{aligned}$$

(3.6b)

3.2 A priori estimates

Before proving the previous results, we firstly give some a priori estimates on the solution. For $x\in \mathbb{R}$, we define a convex $C'$-function $\phi _{\delta },\delta >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \phi _{\delta }(u) &= \inf \biggl\{ \frac{1}{2} \vert u-v \vert ^{2} + \delta \phi (v): v\in \mathbb{R} \biggr\} \\ &=\frac{1}{2} \vert u-J_{\delta }u \vert ^{2} + \delta \phi (J_{\delta }u), \end{aligned}$$

(3.7)

where $J_{\delta }u = (I+\delta \partial \phi )^{-1}(u)$. Now we recall some properties of this approximation that appeared in [10]:

$$\begin{aligned} & \frac{1}{\delta } D \phi _{\delta }(u)= \frac{1}{\delta } \partial \phi _{\delta }(u)=\frac{1}{\delta }(u-J_{\delta }u) \in \partial \phi (J_{\delta }u), \end{aligned}$$

(3.8a)

$$\begin{aligned} & \vert J_{\delta }u-J_{\delta }v \vert \leq \vert u-v \vert ,\qquad \lim_{\delta \searrow 0} J_{\delta }u = {\Pr} _{\overline{ \operatorname{Dom} \phi }}(u) \end{aligned}$$

(3.8b)

for $u,v \in \mathbb{R},\delta >0$. For the convexity of $\phi _{ \delta }$, we have

$$ \phi _{\delta }(0) \geq \phi _{\delta }(u)+ \bigl(D\phi _{\delta }(u), -u \bigr). $$

Hence, for $u\in \mathbb{R}$, it holds that

$$ 0 \leq \phi _{\delta }(u)\leq \bigl(D\phi _{\delta }(u), u \bigr). $$

By the monotonicity of ∂ϕ and (3.8a), we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} 0\leq{}& \biggl(\frac{1}{\delta }D \phi _{\delta }(u)- \frac{1}{\varepsilon }D \phi _{\varepsilon }(v), J_{\delta }u-J_{\varepsilon }v \biggr) \\ ={}& \biggl(\frac{1}{\delta }D \phi _{\delta }(u)- \frac{1}{\varepsilon }D \phi _{\varepsilon }(v), u-D\phi _{\delta }(u)-v+D\phi _{\varepsilon }(v) \biggr) \\ ={}& \biggl(\frac{1}{\delta }D \phi _{\delta }(u)- \frac{1}{\varepsilon }D \phi _{\varepsilon }(v), u-v \biggr)-\frac{1}{\delta } \bigl\vert D\phi _{\delta }(u) \bigr\vert ^{2} \\ &{} -\frac{1}{\varepsilon } \bigl\vert D\phi _{\varepsilon }(v) \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \biggl(\frac{1}{ \delta }+\frac{1}{\varepsilon } \biggr) \bigl(D\phi _{\delta }(u),D \phi _{\varepsilon }(v) \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

Then, for $\delta,\varepsilon >0$, it holds that

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl(\frac{1}{\delta }D \phi _{\delta }(u)- \frac{1}{\varepsilon }D \phi _{\varepsilon }(v), u-v \biggr)\geq - \biggl(\frac{1}{\delta }+\frac{1}{ \varepsilon } \biggr) \bigl\vert D\phi _{\delta }(u) \bigr\vert \bigl\vert D\phi _{\varepsilon }(v) \bigr\vert .& \end{aligned}$$

(3.9)

Now, we consider the approximating equation

$$\begin{aligned} Y_{t}^{\delta }= {}&\xi + \int _{t}^{T} f \bigl(s,\alpha _{s},Y_{s}^{\delta },Z _{s}^{\delta },W_{s}^{\delta } \bigr)\,ds -\frac{1}{\delta } \int _{t}^{T} D \phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr)\,ds \\ &{}- \int _{t}^{T} Z_{s}^{\delta } \,dB_{s}- \sum_{j \in I} \int _{t} ^{T} W_{s}^{\delta }(j) \,d\tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}(j). \end{aligned}$$

(3.10)

From Crépey and Moutoussi [11], $(Y^{\delta },Z ^{\delta },U^{\delta },W^{\delta })$ is the unique solution of equation (3.10).

Proposition 5

Let assumptions (A1)–(A3) be satisfied and $\tau \in [0,T]$be a stopping time. Then

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \biggl(\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} + \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds + \sum_{j\in I} \int _{\tau } ^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }(j) \bigr\vert ^{2} \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}} \lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr) \\ &\quad \leq C \varPhi _{1}(\tau,T), \end{aligned}$$

(3.11)

where $\varPhi _{1}$is defined by (3.2a).

Proof

Using Itô’s formula for $|Y_{t}^{\delta }|^{2}$ yields that

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} + \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds + \sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }(j) \bigr\vert ^{2}\mathbf{1}_{\{ \alpha _{s-} \neq j\}}\lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \\ &\qquad{} + \frac{2}{\delta } \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(D\phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr),Y _{s}^{\delta } \bigr)\,ds \\ &\quad= \vert \xi \vert ^{2} + 2 \int _{t}^{T} \bigl( f \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s}^{\delta }, Z_{s}^{\delta }, W_{s}^{\delta } \bigr), Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr)\,ds \\ &\qquad{} -2 \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta },Z_{s}^{\delta } \,dB_{s} \bigr) - 2\sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta }, W_{s}^{\delta }(j)\,d\tilde{V} _{s}(j) \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

Let us start with some terms in the equation above. On the one hand, according to the previous assumption, we have $( \frac{1}{\delta } D\phi _{\delta }(Y_{s}^{\delta }),Y_{s}^{\delta } )\geq 0$. On the other hand, from Schwarz’s inequality, we get

$$\begin{aligned} & 2 \bigl( f(s,\alpha _{s},y,z,w), y \bigr) \\ &\quad\leq 2\beta \vert y \vert ^{2}+ 2\mu \vert y \vert \vert z \vert +2L \vert y \vert \vert w \vert +2 \vert y \vert \bigl\vert f(s,\alpha _{s}, 0,0,0) \bigr\vert \\ &\quad\leq \bigl(2\beta + (1+r)\mu ^{2} + (1+r)L^{2} +r \bigr) \vert y \vert ^{2} \\ &\qquad{} + \frac{1}{1+r} \bigl( \vert z \vert ^{2}+ \vert w \vert ^{2} \bigr)+\frac{1}{r} \bigl\vert f(s,\alpha _{s},0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$

Hence,

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} + \frac{r}{1+r} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds +\frac{r}{1+r} \sum _{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }(j) \bigr\vert ^{2} \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}}\lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \\ &\quad\leq \vert \xi \vert ^{2} + \bigl(2\beta + \mu ^{2} + L^{2}+ \bigl(1+\mu ^{2}+L^{2} \bigr)r \bigr) \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds-2 \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{ \delta },Z_{s}^{\delta } \,dB_{s} \bigr) \\ &\qquad{} +\frac{1}{r} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert f(s,\alpha _{s}, 0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds - 2 \sum _{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta }, W_{s}^{\delta }(j)\,d \tilde{V}_{s}(j) \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

According to the main ideas of Proposition 2.1 in [12], we take the expectation in the above inequality. So

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} + \frac{r}{1+r} \biggl( \mathbb{E} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds +\mathbb{E} \sum_{j \in I} \int _{t} ^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }(j) \bigr\vert ^{2}\mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}} \lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr) \\ &\quad \leq \mathbb{E} \biggl( \vert \xi \vert ^{2} + \frac{1}{r} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert f(s, \alpha _{s}, 0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr)+ \widetilde{C} \mathbb{E} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds, \end{aligned}$$

where C̃ is a positive constant.

Then, by Gronwall’s lemma, we get

$$ \mathbb{E} \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \leq \bar{C}, $$

where C̄ is also a positive constant.

Thus, we have

$$\begin{aligned} &\mathbb{E} \biggl( \int _{0}^{T} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds + \sum_{j \in I} \int _{0}^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }(j) \bigr\vert ^{2}\mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}}\lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr)\leq C. \end{aligned}$$

In addition,

$$\begin{aligned} \sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2}\leq{} &\vert \xi \vert ^{2} + \frac{1}{r}\sum_{i \in I} \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\vert f(s,i,0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds \\ &{} + 2\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \biggl\vert \sum _{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s} ^{\delta }, W_{s}^{\delta }(j)\,d\tilde{V}_{s}(j) \bigr) \biggr\vert \\ &{} +2\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \biggl\vert \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta },Z_{s} ^{\delta }\,dB_{s} \bigr) \biggr\vert . \end{aligned}$$

We obtain

$$\begin{aligned} & 2\mathbb{E} \biggl(\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \biggl\vert \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s} ^{\delta },Z_{s}^{\delta }\,dB_{s} \bigr) \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ &\quad\leq \frac{1}{4} \mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \bigl\vert Y_{t} ^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr) + C_{1} \mathbb{E} \biggl( \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\vert Z _{s}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds \biggr), \\ & 2\mathbb{E} \biggl(\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \biggl\vert \sum _{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta }, W_{s}^{\delta }(j)\,d\tilde{V}_{s}(j) \bigr) \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ &\quad\leq \frac{1}{4} \mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \bigl\vert Y_{t} ^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr)+C_{2} \mathbb{E} \biggl( \sum_{j \in I} \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }(j) \bigr\vert ^{2}\mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j \}}\lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr). \end{aligned}$$

Thus, we get

$$\begin{aligned} \mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr)\leq{}& \mathbb{E} \biggl( \vert \xi \vert ^{2} +\frac{1}{r}\sum _{i \in I} \int _{ \tau }^{T} \bigl\vert f(s,i,0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds \biggr) \\ &{} +\frac{1}{2}\mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{\tau \leq t \leq T} \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr)+C_{1} \mathbb{E} \biggl( \int _{ \tau }^{T} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{\delta } \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds \biggr) \\ &{} +C_{2} \mathbb{E} \biggl( \sum_{j \in I} \int _{\tau }^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{ \delta }(j) \bigr\vert ^{2}\mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}} \lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr). \end{aligned}$$

 □

Proposition 6

Let assumptions (A1)–(A3) be satisfied. For $C>0$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \int _{\tau }^{T} \biggl(\frac{1}{\delta } \bigl\vert D \phi _{ \delta } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr) \bigr\vert \biggr)^{2}\,ds \leq C \varPhi _{2} ( \tau,T), \end{aligned}$$

(3.12a)

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E}\phi \bigl(J_{\delta }Y_{\tau }^{\delta } \bigr)\leq C \varPhi _{2} (\tau,T), \end{aligned}$$

(3.12b)

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \bigl\vert Y_{\tau }^{\delta }-J_{\delta } \bigl(Y_{\tau }^{\delta } \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2} \leq \delta ^{2} C \varPhi _{2}(\tau,T ), \end{aligned}$$

(3.12c)

where $\varPhi _{2}(\tau,T)$is given by (3.2b), and $\tau \in [0,T]$is a stopping time.

Proof

Borrowing the ideas in Proposition 2.2 in [6], we just briefly show the result as follows.

The subdifferential inequality can be written as

$$ \phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{r}^{\delta } \bigr) \geq \phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{r'}^{\delta } \bigr) + \bigl(D\phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{r'}^{\delta } \bigr),Y_{r}^{\delta }-Y_{r'}^{\delta } \bigr) $$

for $r=t_{j+1}\wedge T, r'=t_{j} \wedge T$, where $t=t_{0} < t_{1} <t _{2} <\cdots$ , and $t_{j+1}-t_{j}=1/n$. Summing up over j, and n goes to ∞, we get

$$\begin{aligned} & \phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr)+\frac{1}{\delta } \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert D \phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds \\ &\quad \leq \phi _{\delta }(\xi )+ \int _{t}^{T} \bigl( D\phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{s} ^{\delta } \bigr),f \bigl(s,\alpha _{s},Y_{s}^{\delta },Z_{s}^{\delta },W_{s}^{ \delta } \bigr) \bigr)\,ds- \int _{t}^{T} \bigl( D\phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr),Z_{s}^{\delta } \,dB_{s} \bigr) \\ &\qquad{}-\sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(D\phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr),W _{s}^{\delta }(j) \,d\tilde{V}_{s}(j) \bigr),\quad \forall t\geq 0, \text{ a.s.} \end{aligned}$$

(3.13)

From (3.7), (3.8a), we get

$$\begin{aligned} & \frac{1}{2} \bigl\vert D\phi _{\delta }(y) \bigr\vert ^{2}+\delta \phi (J_{\delta }y)= \phi _{\delta }(y),\qquad \delta \phi (J_{\delta }y)\leq \phi _{\delta }(y), \\ & \phi _{\delta }(\xi ) \leq \delta \phi (\xi ),\qquad y-J_{\delta }y=D \phi _{\delta }(y). \end{aligned}$$

According to the previous assumption (A3), we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl( D\phi _{\delta }(y), f(s,\alpha,y,z,w) \bigr) \\ &\quad\leq \frac{1}{2\delta } \bigl\vert D\phi _{\delta }(y) \bigr\vert ^{2} +\frac{\delta }{2} \bigl\vert f(s,\alpha,y,z,w) \bigr\vert ^{2} \\ &\quad \leq \frac{1}{2\delta } \bigl\vert D\phi _{\delta }(y) \bigr\vert ^{2}+3\delta \bigl(\mu ^{2} \vert z \vert ^{2}+L ^{2} \vert w \vert ^{2}+ \sigma ^{2} \vert y \vert ^{2} + \varphi ^{2}(t) \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

The result follows. □

Proposition 7

Let assumptions (A1)–(A3) be satisfied. For $\delta, \varepsilon >0$, we have

$$\begin{array}{rll}& \mathbb{E}\left({\int }_0^T\right|Z_s^{\delta }-Z_s^{\epsilon }{|}^{2}ds+\sum _{j\in I}{\int }_0^T|W_s^{\delta }(j)-W_s^{\epsilon }(j){|}^2{\mathbf{1}}_{\{{\alpha }_{s-}\ne j\}}{\lambda }_{{\alpha }_{s-},j}(s)ds)& \\ & \le (\delta +\epsilon )C\Phi ,& \end{array}$$

(3.14a)

$$\mathbb{E}\left(\underset{0\le t\le T}{sup}\right|Y_t^{\delta }-Y_t^{\epsilon }{|}^2)\le (\delta +\epsilon )C\Phi ,$$

(3.14b)

where

$$\Phi =\mathbb{E}(|\xi {|}^2+\varphi (\xi )+\sum _{i\in I}{\int }_0^T|f(s,i,0,0,0){|}^{2}ds).$$

(3.15)

Proof

By Itô’s formula,we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{\delta }-Y_{t}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2} + \sum_{j \in I} \int _{t} ^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }(j)-W_{s}^{\varepsilon }(j) \bigr\vert ^{2}\mathbf{1}_{\{ \alpha _{s-} \neq j\}}\lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \\ &\qquad{} + \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{\delta }-Z_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds+ 2 \int _{t}^{T} \biggl(Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon }, \frac{1}{\delta }D\phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr)-\frac{1}{\varepsilon }D \phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr) \biggr)\,ds \\ &\quad= 2 \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon }, f \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s}^{\delta }, Z_{s}^{\delta }, W_{s}^{\delta } \bigr)-f \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s}^{\varepsilon }, Z_{s}^{\varepsilon }, W_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr) \bigr)\,ds \\ &\qquad{} -2 \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon }, \bigl(Z_{s}^{\delta }-Z _{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr)\,dB_{s} \bigr) \\ & \qquad{}- 2\sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon }, \bigl(W_{s}^{\delta }(j)-W_{s}^{\varepsilon }(j) \bigr)\,d\tilde{V}_{s}(j) \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

Moreover,

$$\begin{aligned} & 2 \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon }, f \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s} ^{\delta }, Z_{s}^{\delta }, W_{s}^{\delta } \bigr)-f \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s} ^{\varepsilon }, Z_{s}^{\varepsilon }, W_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr) \bigr) \\ &\quad\leq 2\beta \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2}+2 \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{ \delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert \mu \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{\delta }-Z_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert +2 \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert L \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }-W_{s} ^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert \\ &\quad\leq \bigl(2\beta +\mu ^{2}+L^{2}+ \bigl(\mu ^{2}+L^{2} \bigr)r \bigr) \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s} ^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2}+\frac{1}{1+r} \bigl( \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{\delta }-Z_{s}^{ \varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2}+ \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }-W_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

By (3.9), it holds that

$$\begin{aligned} & \bigl(1-T \bigl(2\beta +\mu ^{2}+L^{2}+ \bigl(\mu ^{2}+L^{2} \bigr)r \bigr) \bigr)\sup _{t\leq s \leq T} \bigl\vert Y _{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2} +\frac{r}{1+r} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert Z _{s}^{\delta }-Z_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \\ &\qquad{}+\frac{r}{1+r}\sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{\delta }(j)-W_{s} ^{\varepsilon }(j) \bigr\vert ^{2}\mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}} \lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \\ &\quad\leq 2 \biggl( \frac{1}{\delta }+\frac{1}{\varepsilon } \biggr) \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert D\phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr) \bigr\vert \bigl\vert D\phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(Y _{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr) \bigr\vert \,ds -2 \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon }, \bigl(Z_{s}^{\delta }-Z_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr) \,dB_{s} \bigr) \\ &\qquad{}- 2\sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta }-Y_{s}^{\varepsilon }, \bigl(W_{s}^{\delta }(j)-W_{s}^{\varepsilon }(j) \bigr)\,d\tilde{V}_{s}(j) \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

(3.16)

From (3.12a), we get the following inequality, which shows the desired result, and Φ is given by (3.15).

$$\begin{aligned} &2 \biggl( \frac{1}{\delta }+\frac{1}{\varepsilon } \biggr)\mathbb{E} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert D\phi _{\delta } \bigl(Y_{s}^{\delta } \bigr) \bigr\vert \bigl\vert D\phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(Y _{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr) \bigr\vert \,ds\leq C(\delta +\varepsilon ) \varPhi. \end{aligned}$$

 □

3.3 Proof of the results of existence and uniqueness

With the a priori estimates in the previous section, the main purpose of this section is the proof of Theorem 2. Before that, we should start with the proof of Proposition 3.

Proof of Proposition 3

Using Itô’s formula, we get

$$\begin{aligned} & \vert Y_{t}-\tilde{Y}_{t} \vert ^{2} + \int _{t}^{T} \vert Z_{s}- \tilde{Z}_{s} \vert ^{2} \,ds + \sum _{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\vert W_{s}(j)- \tilde{W}_{s}(j) \bigr\vert ^{2} \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}} \lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \\ &\qquad{} + 2 \int _{t}^{T} (U_{s}- \tilde{U}_{s},Y_{s}-\tilde{Y}_{s} )\,ds \\ &\quad= \vert \xi -\tilde{\xi } \vert ^{2}+ 2 \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}- \tilde{Y}_{s}, f(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s}, Z_{s}, W_{s} )-\tilde{f}(s, \alpha _{s}, \tilde{Y}_{s}, \tilde{Z}_{s}, \tilde{W}_{s}) \bigr)\,ds \\ &\qquad{} -2 \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}- \tilde{Y}_{s},(Z_{s}-\tilde{Z}_{s} ) \,dB_{s} \bigr) - 2 \sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl(Y_{s}- \tilde{Y}_{s}, \bigl(W_{s} (j)- \tilde{W}_{s}(j) \bigr)\,d\tilde{V}_{s}(j) \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

By the method similar to Proposition 5, we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} & 2 (U_{s}-\tilde{U}_{s}, Y_{s}- \tilde{Y}_{s})\geq 0,\quad dP\times ds \text{ a.e.}, \\ & 2 \bigl(Y_{s}-\tilde{Y}_{s}, f(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s}, Z_{s}, W_{s} )- \tilde{f}(s, \alpha _{s}, \tilde{Y}_{s}, \tilde{Z}_{s}, \tilde{W}_{s}) \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq 2 \bigl(Y_{s}-\tilde{Y}_{s}, f(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s}, Z_{s}, W _{s} )- \tilde{f}(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s}, Z_{s}, W_{s}) \bigr) \\ &\qquad{} + 2 \vert Y_{s}-\tilde{Y}_{s} \vert \tilde{L} \vert W_{s}-\tilde{W}_{s} \vert +2 \vert Y_{s}- \tilde{Y}_{s} \vert \tilde{\mu } \vert Z_{s}-\tilde{Z}_{s} \vert +2\tilde{\beta } \vert Y_{s}- \tilde{Y}_{s} \vert ^{2} \\ &\quad= \bigl(2\tilde{\beta }+\tilde{L}^{2}+\tilde{\mu }^{2}+ \bigl(1+\tilde{L}^{2}+ \tilde{\mu }^{2} \bigr)r \bigr) \vert Y_{s}-\tilde{Y}_{s} \vert ^{2}+ \frac{1}{1+r} \bigl( \vert Z_{s}- \tilde{Z}_{s} \vert ^{2}+ \vert W_{s}-\tilde{W}_{s} \vert ^{2} \bigr) \\ &\qquad{} +\frac{1}{r} \bigl\vert f(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s}, Z_{s}, W_{s} )-\tilde{f}(s, \alpha _{s}, Y_{s}, Z_{s}, W_{s}) \bigr\vert ^{2}, \end{aligned}$$

where $\beta, \mu, L$ are replaced by $\tilde{\beta }, \tilde{\mu }, \tilde{L}$. Taking the expectation and using Gronwall’s lemma, we have (3.3a) and (3.3b). □

Proof of Theorem 2

Uniqueness can be obtained simply by Proposition 3. The existence of the solution $(Y,Z,U,W)$ can be drawn from the limit of the quadruple $(Y_{s}^{\delta }, Z_{s}^{\delta },\frac{1}{ \delta }D\phi _{\delta }(Y_{s}^{\delta }),W_{s}^{\delta })$.

From Proposition 7, we have

$$ \lim_{\delta \searrow 0}Y^{\delta }=Y, \qquad\lim_{\delta \searrow 0}Z^{\delta }=Z,\qquad \lim_{\delta \searrow 0}W^{\delta }=W. $$

Passing to the limit in (3.11), we can get (3.1a) and (3.1b). From (3.12a) and (3.12c), we have

$$ \lim_{\delta \searrow 0}J_{\delta } \bigl(Y^{\delta } \bigr) =Y, \qquad\lim_{\delta \searrow 0}\mathbb{E} \bigl( \bigl\vert J_{\delta } \bigl(Y_{\tau }^{\delta } \bigr)-Y _{\tau } \bigr\vert ^{2} \bigr)=0, $$

in which $\tau \in [0,T]$ is a stopping time.

Because of (3.12b), (3.14b), we get (3.1c) and (iii). For each $\delta >0$, define $U_{t}^{\delta }=\frac{1}{\delta } D\phi _{\delta }(Y_{t}^{\delta })$ and $\bar{U}_{t}^{\delta }=\int _{0}^{t} U_{s}^{\delta }\,ds$. Consider (3.10) and convergence results, there exists a progressively measurable process $\{\bar{U} _{t}, 0\leq t \leq T\}$ such that

$$ \mathbb{E} \Bigl( \sup_{0 \leq t \leq T} \bigl\vert \bar{U}_{t}^{\delta }- \bar{U}_{t} \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr)\rightarrow 0,\quad \delta \rightarrow 0. $$

Moreover, from (3.12a), we obtain $\sup_{\delta > 0}\mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{T} |U_{t}^{\delta }|^{2} \,dt < \infty$. Then we get (3.1d).

For $0\leq a < b \leq T$, $[ \mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{T} |V|^{2}\,ds ]^{1/2}<\infty$,

$$ \int _{a}^{b} \bigl(U_{t}^{\delta },V_{t}-Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr)\,dt \rightarrow \int _{a}^{b} (U_{t}, V_{t}-Y_{t})\,dt. $$

From equation (3.12a), we have $\int _{a}^{b} (U_{t}^{\delta },J _{\delta }(Y_{t}^{\delta })-Y_{t}^{\delta })\,dt \rightarrow 0$.

Since $U_{t}^{\delta }\in \partial \phi (J_{\delta }(Y_{t}^{\delta }))$,

$$ \int _{a}^{b} \bigl(U_{t}^{\delta },V_{t} -J_{\delta } \bigl(Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr) \bigr)\,dt+ \int _{a}^{b} \phi \bigl(J_{\delta } \bigl(Y_{t}^{\delta } \bigr) \bigr)\,dt \leq \int _{a}^{b} \phi (V_{t})\,dt. $$

Then we get

$$ \int _{a}^{b} (U_{t},V_{t} -Y_{t})\,dt+ \int _{a}^{b} \phi (Y_{t})\,dt \leq \int _{a}^{b} \phi (V_{t})\,dt. $$

The proof of Theorem 2 has been completed. □

Proof of Corollary 4

Let $(Y^{n},Z^{n},U^{n},W^{n})\in \operatorname{BSDE}(0,n;\phi,f)$ for each $n\geq 1$. According to (3.1a)–(3.1d) in Theorem 2, we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \biggl( \int _{0}^{n} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{n} \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds + \sum_{j\in I} \int _{0}^{n} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{n}(j) \bigr\vert ^{2}\mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j\}} \lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr) \\ &\quad\leq C_{1} \mathbb{E} \biggl(\sum_{i\in I} \int _{0}^{\infty } \bigl\vert f(s,i,0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr), \\ & \mathbb{E} \Bigl( \sup_{0\leq s \leq n} \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{n} \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr)\leq C _{1} \mathbb{E} \biggl(\sum_{i\in I} \int _{0}^{\infty } \bigl\vert f(s,i,0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr), \\ & \mathbb{E} \phi \bigl(Y_{t}^{n} \bigr) \leq C_{2} \mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{\infty } \bigl\vert \varphi (s) \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds, \\ & \mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{n} \bigl\vert U_{s}^{n} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \leq C_{2} \mathbb{E} \int _{0}^{\infty } \bigl\vert \varphi (s) \bigr\vert ^{2} \,ds, \end{aligned}$$

and $Y_{s}^{n}=Y_{n}^{n}=0, Z_{s}^{n}=0, U_{s}^{n}=0, W_{s}^{n}=0$ for $s>n$.

Let $m>n$, then we get

$$\begin{aligned} Y_{t}^{m}={}&Y_{n}^{m}+ \int _{t}^{n} f \bigl(s,\alpha _{s},Y_{s}^{m},Z _{s}^{m},W_{s}^{m} \bigr)\,ds - \int _{t}^{n} U_{s}^{m} \,ds \\ &{} - \int _{t}^{n} Z_{s}^{m} \,dB_{s}- \sum_{j \in I} \int _{t}^{n} W_{s}^{m}(j) \,d \tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}(j) \end{aligned}$$

for $t\in [0,n]$. From Proposition 3, we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \biggl( \int _{0}^{n} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{n} -Z_{s}^{m} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+\sum _{j \in I} \int _{0}^{n} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{n}(j)-W_{s}^{m}(j) \bigr\vert ^{2} \mathbf{1}_{\{ \alpha _{s-} \neq j\}}\lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr) \\ &\quad\leq C\mathbb{E} \bigl\vert Y_{n}^{m} \bigr\vert ^{2} , \\ & \mathbb{E} \Bigl( \sup_{0\leq s \leq n} \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{n} -Y_{s}^{m} \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr)\leq C \mathbb{E} \bigl\vert Y_{n}^{m} \bigr\vert ^{2}. \end{aligned}$$

From (3.1b), we obtain

$$ \mathbb{E} \bigl\vert Y_{T}^{m} \bigr\vert ^{2} \leq \mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{T\leq t \leq m} \bigl\vert Y _{t}^{m} \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr) \leq C \mathbb{E} \biggl(\sum_{i\in I} \int _{T} ^{\infty } \bigl\vert f(s,i,0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr)\rightarrow 0,\quad T=n\rightarrow \infty. $$

There exists $(Y,Z,U,W)$ satisfying (i) for all $T>0$, as $n\rightarrow \infty$, we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} Y^{n} \rightarrow Y,\qquad \mathbb{E} \vert Y_{T} \vert ^{2}\leq C \mathbb{E} \biggl( \sum_{i\in I} \int _{T}^{\infty } \bigl\vert f(s,i,0,0,0) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds \biggr),\qquad Z^{n} \rightarrow Z,\qquad \bar{U}^{n}\rightarrow \bar{U}, \end{aligned}$$

where $\bar{U}_{t}^{n}=\int _{0}^{t} U_{s}^{n} \,ds$, and Ū is absolutely continuous. $(Y,Z,U,W)$ satisfies Corollary 4, in which $U=d\bar{U}/dt$.

If $(Y,Z,U,W)$ and $(Y',Z',U',W')$ are two solutions of BSDE (2.1) satisfying (3.5a) and (3.5b), then

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{0\leq s \leq n} \bigl\vert Y_{s}-Y'_{s} \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr) \\ &\qquad{}+\mathbb{E} \biggl( \int _{0}^{n} \bigl\vert Z_{s} -Z'_{s} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds+\sum _{j \in I} \int _{0}^{n} \bigl\vert W_{s}(j)-W'_{s}(j) \bigr\vert ^{2} \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-} \neq j \}}\lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}(s)\,ds \biggr) \\ &\quad\leq C_{1}\mathbb{E} \bigl\vert Y_{n}-Y'_{n} \bigr\vert ^{2} , \end{aligned}$$

we get $Y=Y', Z=Z', W=W'$ for $n\rightarrow \infty$; U is uniquely defined by BSDE (2.1). □

4 Weak convergence of multi-valued BSDEs with Markov switching

4.1 Asymptotic property of SDE with the singularly perturbed Markov chain

Let $\alpha ^{\varepsilon }(t)$ be a Markov chain governed by $Q^{\varepsilon }(t) = (\lambda _{ij}^{\varepsilon } (t))$ that satisfies

$$ Q^{\varepsilon }(t) = \frac{1}{{\varepsilon }} \widetilde{Q}(t) + \widehat{Q}(t),\quad t\geq 0, $$

$\widetilde{Q}(t)$ represents the fast part and $\widehat{Q}(t)$ represents the slow part. More details on singularly perturbed Markov chains can be found in Tao et al. [3]. The next lemma can be found in [13].

Lemma 8

Define the aggregated process $\overline{\alpha }^{\varepsilon } = \{\overline{ \alpha }_{t}^{\varepsilon }; 0\leq t \leq T\}$as follows: $\forall k \in \{1,\ldots,l\}$, $\overline{\alpha }_{t}^{\varepsilon } =k$, when $\alpha _{t}^{\varepsilon } \in I_{k}$. Then, as ${\varepsilon }\rightarrow 0$, $\overline{\alpha }^{\varepsilon }$converges weakly to a continuous-time Markov chainα̅with the generator

$$ \overline{Q}(t) =\operatorname{diag} \bigl(v^{1}(t),\ldots,v^{l}(t) \bigr)\widehat{Q}(t) \operatorname{diag} (\mathbb{I}_{m_{1}},\ldots, \mathbb{I}_{m_{l}}). $$

Here, $\forall k\in \{1,\ldots,l\}$, $v^{k}$is the quasi-stationary distribution of $\widetilde{Q}^{k}$and $\mathbb{I}_{m_{k}}=\{1,\ldots,1 \}^{*}\in \mathbb{R}^{m_{k}}$. Here, ^∗denotes the transpose.

Now, we present a diffusion process $X_{t}^{\varepsilon }$ as follows:

$$ X_{t}^{\varepsilon }= x + \int _{0}^{t} b \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon }, X_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr) \,ds + \int _{0}^{t} \sigma \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon }, X_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr) \,dB_{s}, \quad 0\leq t\leq T, $$

there exist $p, q\geq 0$ such that

$$ \sup_{\varepsilon } \mathbb{E} \biggl( \bigl\vert X_{t}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2p} + \int _{0}^{t} \bigl\vert X_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr\vert ^{2q}\,ds \biggr)< \infty. $$

In the diffusion process above, we present the conditions of b and σ: for any $i\in I, b(\cdot, i, \cdot )$ and $\sigma ( \cdot,i, \cdot )$ are measurable,

$$ \bigl\vert b(t,i,x)-b \bigl(t,i,x^{*} \bigr) \bigr\vert \leq C' \bigl\vert x-x^{*} \bigr\vert ,\quad \bigl\vert b(t,i,0) \bigr\vert \leq C', $$

and

$$ \bigl\vert \sigma (t,i,x)-\sigma \bigl(t,i,x^{*} \bigr) \bigr\vert \leq C' \bigl\vert x-x^{*} \bigr\vert ,\quad \bigl\vert \sigma (t,i,0) \bigr\vert \leq C'. $$

More details can also be found in [3].

Let $a=\sigma \sigma ^{*}$. We define

$$ \mathcal{D}^{\varepsilon } u(t,i,x)= \biggl(\frac{ \partial }{ \partial t}+\mathcal{L} \biggr)u(t,i,x) + f \bigl(t,i,x,u(t,i,x) \bigr) + \sum _{j \neq i} \lambda _{ij}^{\varepsilon } (t) \bigl[u(t,j,x)-u(t,i,x) \bigr], $$

where

$$ \mathcal{L}u(t,i,x)= \frac{1}{2} \sum_{p,q=1}^{n} a_{pq}(t,i,x)\frac{ \partial ^{2}}{\partial x_{p}\, \partial x_{q}}u (t,i,x) + \sum _{p=1} ^{n} b_{p}(t,i,x) \frac{\partial }{\partial x_{p} } u(t,i,x). $$

Now, we propose the following asymptotic property for the above generators.

Lemma 9

Assume that $\overline{\alpha }^{\varepsilon }(t)$is a Markov chain and $b(t,i,x)$, $\sigma (t,i,x)$satisfy the above conditions. Then $(X^{\varepsilon }(\cdot ), \overline{\alpha }^{\varepsilon }(\cdot ))$converges weakly under the Skorohod topology to a process $( \overline{X}(\cdot ), \overline{\alpha }(\cdot ))$. Moreover, $(\overline{X}(\cdot ), \overline{\alpha }(\cdot ))$is a solution of the martingale problem with operator

$$ \overline{\mathcal{D}} u(t,i,x)= \biggl(\frac{ \partial }{ \partial t}+\overline{ \mathcal{L}} \biggr)u(t,i,x) + \overline{f} \bigl(t,i,x,u(t,i,x) \bigr) + \sum _{j\neq i} \overline{\lambda }_{ij}(t) \bigl[u(t,j,x)-u(t,i,x) \bigr], $$

where

$$\begin{aligned} &\overline{\mathcal{L}}u(t,i,x)= \frac{1}{2} \sum _{p,q=1}^{n} \overline{a}_{pq}(t,i,x) \frac{\partial ^{2}}{\partial x_{p}\, \partial x _{q}}u (t,i,x) + \sum_{p=1}^{n} \overline{b}_{p}(t,i,x) \frac{\partial }{\partial x_{p} } u(t,i,x), \\ &\overline{a}(t,i,x)= \sum_{j=1}^{m_{i}}v_{j}^{i}(t) a(t, s_{ij}, x), \qquad\overline{b}(t,i,x)= \sum _{j=1}^{m_{i}}v_{j}^{i}(t) b(t, s_{ij}, x), \\ &\overline{f}(t,i,x,u)= \sum_{j=1}^{m_{i}}v_{j}^{i}(t) f(t, s_{ij}, x, u). \end{aligned}$$

4.2 Weak convergence of multi-valued BSDEs with Markov switching

Let us consider the following assumptions:

• (A4) $g: \mathbb{R}^{d} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ and $f: [0,T] \times I\times \mathbb{R}^{d}\times \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ are all continuous.

• (A5) $|g(x)|\leq C(1+|x|^{p})$.

• (A6) $|f(t,i,x,y)|\leq C(1+|x|^{q}+|y|^{r})$.

• (A7) $\langle f(t,i,x,y)-f(t,i,x,\widetilde{y}), y- \widetilde{y}\rangle \leq \beta |y-\widetilde{y}|^{2}$.

• (A8) $\int _{0}^{T} |f(t,i,x,0)|^{2} \,dt < \infty, \forall i \in I$.

Let $\{ Y_{t}^{\varepsilon }, Z_{t}^{\varepsilon }, U_{t}^{\varepsilon }, W_{t}^{\varepsilon }; 0\leq t \leq T\}$ be the unique solution of the following BSDE with $\alpha _{t}= \alpha _{t}^{\varepsilon }$:

$$\begin{aligned} Y_{t}^{\varepsilon } ={}&g \bigl(X_{T}^{\varepsilon } \bigr)+ \int _{t}^{T} f \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon }, X_{s}^{\varepsilon }, Y_{s}^{\varepsilon } \bigr)\,ds- \int _{t}^{T} Z_{s}^{\varepsilon } \,d B_{s} \\ &{}- \sum_{j\in I} \int _{t}^{T} W_{s}^{\varepsilon } (j)\,d \tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}^{\varepsilon }(j) - \int _{t}^{T} U_{s}^{\varepsilon } \,ds. \end{aligned}$$

(4.1)

Next, we prove that the processes $(Y^{\varepsilon },Z^{\varepsilon },U ^{\varepsilon },W^{\varepsilon })$ converge in law to $(Y,Z,U,W)$, which is the unique solution of the following BSDE:

$$\begin{aligned} Y_{t} ={}&g(X_{T})+ \int _{t}^{T} f(s,\alpha _{s}, X_{s}, Y_{s})\,ds - \int _{t}^{T} Z_{s} \,d B_{s} \\ &{} - \sum_{j\in I} \int _{t}^{T} W_{s} (j)\,d\tilde{ \mathcal{V}}_{s}(j) - \int _{t}^{T} U_{s} \,ds. \end{aligned}$$

(4.2)

Theorem 10

([14])

The sequence of quasi-martingale $\{\rho _{t}^{n}; 0\leq t\leq T\}$defined on the filtrated probability space $(\varOmega, \{\mathcal{F}_{t}\}_{0\leq t\leq T},\mathbb{P})$is tight if

$$ \sup_{n} \Bigl(\sup_{0 \leq t \leq T}E \bigl\vert \rho _{t}^{n} \bigr\vert +CV_{T} \bigl(\rho ^{n} \bigr) \Bigr) < \infty, $$

where

$$ CV_{T} \bigl(\rho ^{n} \bigr)=\sup \mathbb{E} \biggl( \sum_{i} \bigl\vert \mathbb{E} \bigl[\rho _{t_{i+1}}^{n}-\rho _{t_{i}}^{n}| \mathcal{F}_{t_{i}} \bigr] \bigr\vert \biggr), $$

with the supremum taken over all partitions of the interval $[0,T]$.

In what follows, let

$$ M_{t}^{\varepsilon }= \int _{0}^{t} Z_{s}^{\varepsilon } \,dB_{s} + \sum_{j\in I} \int _{0}^{t} W_{s}^{\varepsilon } (j)\,d \tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}^{\varepsilon }(j),\qquad M_{t}= \int _{0}^{t} Z_{s} \,dB_{s} + \sum_{j\in \overline{I}} \int _{0}^{t} W_{s} (j)\,d\tilde{ \mathcal{V}}_{s}(j). $$

Now, we introduce the first result of this section.

Theorem 11

Under the assumptions stated above, the sequence of processes $(X^{\varepsilon },Y^{\varepsilon },M^{\varepsilon }, U^{\varepsilon })$converges in law to $(X,Y,M,U)$asεgoes to zero.

Next, we give Lemma 12 that appeared in Billingsley [15] to help us complete the proof of Theorem 11.

Lemma 12

Let $U^{\varepsilon }$be a sequence of random variables defined on the same probability spaces. For any ${\varepsilon }\geq 0$, we assume that there exists a sequence of random variables $(U^{{\varepsilon },n})_{n}$such that

• $U^{{\varepsilon },n} \overset{\operatorname{dist}}{\Longrightarrow } U^{0,n}$asεgoes to zero.

• $U^{{\varepsilon },n} \Longrightarrow U^{{\varepsilon }}$as $n\to +\infty$, uniformly inε.

• $U^{0,n} \Longrightarrow U^{0}$as $n\to +\infty$.

Then $U^{{\varepsilon }}$converge in distribution to $U^{0}$.

For $n\geq 1$, we consider the penalized forms of (4.1) and (4.2):

$$\begin{aligned} Y_{t}^{{\varepsilon },n} ={}&g \bigl(X_{T}^{\varepsilon } \bigr)+ \int _{t}^{T} f \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon }, X_{s}^{\varepsilon }, Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr)\,ds- \int _{t}^{T} Z_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \,d B_{s} \\ &{}- \sum_{j\in I} \int _{t}^{T} W_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} (j)\,d \tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}^{\varepsilon }(j) - \int _{t}^{T} U_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \,ds \end{aligned}$$

(4.3)

and

$$\begin{aligned} Y_{t}^{n} ={}&g(X_{T})+ \int _{t}^{T} f \bigl(s,\alpha _{s}, X_{s}, Y_{s}^{n} \bigr) \,ds - \int _{t}^{T} Z_{s}^{n} \,d B_{s} \\ &{} - \sum_{j\in I} \int _{t}^{T} W_{s}^{n} (j)\,d\tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}(j) - \int _{t}^{T} U_{s}^{0,n} \,ds. \end{aligned}$$

(4.4)

Let $M_{t}^{{\varepsilon },n}=\int _{0}^{t} Z_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \,dB _{s} + \sum_{j\in I} \int _{0}^{t} W_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} (j)\,d \tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}^{\varepsilon }(j)$. With the preparation above, we can now prove Theorem 11 step by step.

Lemma 13

Under the assumptions of Theorem 11, for $n\geq 1$, $(Y^{{\varepsilon },n},M^{{\varepsilon },n})$converges in law to $(Y^{n},M^{n})$.

Proof

We shall prove this result in the following four steps.

Step 1. A Priori Estimates. By the standard arguments, we have

$$ \sup_{\varepsilon } \mathbb{E} \biggl(\sup_{0\leq s\leq t} \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{ {\varepsilon },n} \bigr\vert ^{2} + \bigl\langle M^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr\rangle _{t} + \frac{2 \gamma }{{\varepsilon }} \int _{s}^{t} \bigl\vert D\phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(Y_{r}^{ {\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \bigr\vert \,dr \biggr)< + \infty, $$

where

$$ \bigl\langle M^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr\rangle _{t}= \int _{0}^{t} \bigl\vert Z_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr\vert ^{2}\,ds + \sum_{j\in I} \int _{0}^{t} \bigl\vert W_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} (j) \bigr\vert ^{2} \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s-}^{\varepsilon }\neq j\} } \lambda _{\alpha _{s-},j}^{\varepsilon }(s) \,ds. $$

Step 2. Tightness. We have

$$ CV_{T} \bigl(Y^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \leq \int _{0}^{T} \bigl\vert f \bigl(s,\alpha _{s}^{ \varepsilon }, X_{s}^{\varepsilon }, Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \bigr\vert \,ds + \frac{1}{ {\varepsilon }} \int _{0}^{T} \bigl\vert D\phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \bigr\vert \,ds. $$

Then we obtain

$$ \sup_{\varepsilon } \Bigl[CV_{T} \bigl(Y^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) + \mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{0\leq s \leq t} \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr)+ \sup _{0\leq s \leq t} \mathbb{E} \bigl\vert M_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr\vert \Bigr]< + \infty. $$

Hence, the sequence $\{(Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n}, M_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n}); 0\leq s\leq t\}$ satisfies the Meyer–Zheng tightness criterion. There exists a subsequence $(Y^{{\varepsilon },n}, M^{{\varepsilon },n}) \Longrightarrow (Y^{n},M^{n})$.

Step 3. Convergence in Law. We first derive the limit process of $\int _{0}^{t} f(s,\alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon }, X_{s}^{\varepsilon }, Y _{s}^{{\varepsilon },n})\,ds$. For the state space of $\alpha ^{\varepsilon } (t)$ that is $I=\{s_{11},\ldots,s_{1m_{1}},\ldots,s_{l1},\ldots, s_{lm_{l}}\}$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \int _{0}^{t} f \bigl(s,\alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon }, X_{s}^{\varepsilon }, Y _{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr)\,ds \\ &\quad= \sum_{i=1}^{l} \sum _{j=1}^{m_{i}} \int _{0}^{t} f \bigl(s,s_{ij},X_{s} ^{\varepsilon },Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr)\mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s}^{ \varepsilon } =s_{ij}\}} \,ds \\ &\quad =\sum_{i=1}^{l} \sum _{j=1}^{m_{i}} \int _{0}^{t} f \bigl(s,s_{ij},X_{s} ^{\varepsilon },Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) v_{j}^{i}(s) \mathbf{1}_{\{\overline{ \alpha }_{s}^{\varepsilon } =i\}}\,ds \\ & \qquad{}+\sum_{i=1}^{l} \sum _{j=1}^{m_{i}} \int _{0}^{t} f \bigl(s,s_{ij},X_{s}^{ \varepsilon },Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \bigl(\mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s}^{ \varepsilon } =s_{ij}\}}-v_{j}^{i}(s) \mathbf{1}_{\{\overline{\alpha } _{s}^{\varepsilon } =i\}} \bigr)\,ds. \end{aligned}$$

(4.5)

By Yin and Zhang [13], for $i=1,2,\ldots,l$ and $j=1,\ldots,m_{i}$, as ${\varepsilon } \rightarrow 0$, it follows that

$$ \sup_{0\leq t \leq T}\mathbb{E} \biggl( \int _{0}^{t} \bigl(\mathbf{1} _{\{\alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon } =s_{ij}\}}-v_{j}^{i}(s)\mathbf{1}_{\{\overline{ \alpha }_{s}^{\varepsilon } =i\}} \bigr) \,ds \biggr)^{2} \rightarrow 0. $$

So we get

$$\begin{aligned} & \sup_{0\leq t\leq T}\mathbb{E} \biggl\vert \int _{0}^{t} f \bigl(s,s_{ij},X_{s} ^{\varepsilon },Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \bigl( \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s} ^{\varepsilon } =s_{ij}\}}-v_{j}^{i}(s) \mathbf{1}_{\{\overline{\alpha }_{s}^{\varepsilon } =i\}} \bigr)\,ds \biggr\vert \\ &\quad\leq \sup_{0\leq t\leq T}\mathbb{E} \biggl\vert \sup _{0 \leq s \leq t} \bigl\vert f \bigl(s,s _{ij},X_{s}^{\varepsilon },Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \bigr\vert \int _{0}^{t} \bigl( \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon } =s_{ij}\}}-v_{j}^{i}(s) \mathbf{1}_{\{\overline{\alpha }_{s}^{\varepsilon }=i\}} \bigr)\,ds \biggr\vert \\ &\quad\leq \sup_{0\leq t\leq T} \Bigl(\mathbb{E} \sup_{0 \leq s \leq t} \bigl\vert f \bigl(s,s _{ij},X_{s}^{\varepsilon },Y_{s}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2} \Bigr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \biggl[\mathbb{E} \biggl( \int _{0}^{t} \bigl(\mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon } =s_{ij}\}}-v_{j}^{i}(s) \mathbf{1}_{\{\overline{ \alpha }_{s}^{\varepsilon } =i\}} \bigr)\,ds \biggr)^{2} \biggr]^{1/2} \\ &\quad \leq C \sup_{0\leq t\leq T} \biggl[\mathbb{E} \biggl( \int _{0}^{t} \bigl( \mathbf{1}_{\{\alpha _{s}^{\varepsilon } =s_{ij}\}}-v_{j}^{i}(s) \mathbf{1}_{\{\overline{\alpha }_{s}^{\varepsilon } =i\}} \bigr)\,ds \biggr)^{2} \biggr]^{1/2} \rightarrow 0. \end{aligned}$$

Following the inequality above, we have

$$ \sum_{i=1}^{l} \sum _{j=1}^{m_{i}} \int _{0}^{t} f \bigl(s,s_{ij},X_{s},Y_{s} ^{n} \bigr) v_{j}^{i}(s) \mathbf{1}_{\{\overline{\alpha }_{s} =i\}}\,ds = \int _{t}^{T} f \bigl(s, \overline{\alpha }_{s}, X_{s}, Y_{s}^{n} \bigr) \,ds. $$

In (4.3), let ${\varepsilon } \rightarrow 0$,

$$\begin{aligned} Y_{t}^{n} =g(X_{T})+ \int _{t}^{T} f \bigl(s,\overline{\alpha }_{s}, X_{s}, Y _{s}^{n} \bigr)\,ds-M_{T}^{n}+M_{t}^{n} -\frac{1}{{\varepsilon }} \int _{t}^{T} D\phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(Y_{s}^{n} \bigr) \,ds. \end{aligned}$$

For $f(t,j,x), j\in \overline{I}$, we define

$$ \widetilde{f}(t,i,x)=\sum_{j=1}^{l} f(t,j,x) I_{\{i\in I_{j}\}}, \quad \forall i\in I. $$

So, we have $\widetilde{f}(t,\alpha _{t}^{\varepsilon }, X_{t}^{\varepsilon }) = f(t,\overline{\alpha }_{t}^{\varepsilon }, X_{t}^{\varepsilon })$, and $M_{t}^{{\varepsilon },n}$ is an $\mathcal{F}_{t}^{{\varepsilon },n}$-martingale. Thanks to the boundedness and continuity of functions $\varphi _{i}$ and the fixed ${\varepsilon }^{\prime }$, for $i\leq n, t_{i}\leq s_{1} < s_{2} \leq T$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \Biggl\{ \prod_{i=1}^{n} \varphi _{i} \bigl(\alpha _{t_{i}}^{ \varepsilon }, X_{t_{i}}^{\varepsilon }, Y_{t_{i}}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \int _{0}^{{\varepsilon }^{\prime }} \bigl(M_{s_{2}+r}^{{\varepsilon },n} - M_{s_{1}+r}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr)\,dr \Biggr\} \\ &\quad= \mathbb{E} \Biggl\{ \prod_{i=1}^{n} \varphi _{i} \bigl(\overline{\alpha }_{t_{i}}^{\varepsilon }, X_{t_{i}}^{\varepsilon }, Y_{t_{i}}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr) \int _{0}^{{\varepsilon }^{\prime }} \bigl(M_{s_{2}+r}^{{\varepsilon },n} - M_{s_{1}+r}^{{\varepsilon },n} \bigr)\,dr \Biggr\} \\ &\quad=0. \end{aligned}$$

We have already proved that $(\overline{\alpha }^{\varepsilon }, X ^{\varepsilon }, Y^{{\varepsilon },n}, M^{{\varepsilon },n})$ converges weakly to $(\overline{\alpha }, X, Y^{n}, M^{n})$. Note that $\int _{0}^{{\varepsilon }^{\prime }} (M_{s_{2}+r}^{{\varepsilon },n} - M_{s_{1}+r}^{{\varepsilon },n})\,dr$ is a continuous function with respect to $M^{{\varepsilon },n}$, we can get $\int _{0}^{{\varepsilon }^{ \prime }} (M_{s_{2}+r}^{{\varepsilon },n} - M_{s_{1}+r}^{{\varepsilon },n})\,dr$ converges weakly to $\int _{0}^{{\varepsilon }^{\prime }}(M _{s_{2}+r}^{n} - M_{s_{1}+r}^{n})\,dr$.

This implies that

$$ \mathbb{E} \Biggl\{ \prod_{i=1}^{n} \varphi _{i} \bigl(\overline{\alpha } _{t_{i}}, X_{t_{i}}, Y_{t_{i}}^{n} \bigr) \int _{0}^{{\varepsilon }^{\prime }} \bigl(M_{s_{2}+r}^{n} - M_{s_{1}+r}^{n} \bigr)\,dr \Biggr\} =0. $$

Dividing by ${\varepsilon }^{\prime }$, letting ${\varepsilon }^{ \prime }\rightarrow 0$, we get $\mathbb{E} \{ \prod_{i=1}^{n} \varphi _{i} (\overline{\alpha }_{t_{i}}, X_{t_{i}},Y_{t_{i}}^{n})(M _{s_{2}}^{n} -M_{s_{1}}^{n}) \}=0$, which means that $M_{t}^{n}$ is an $\mathcal{F}_{t}^{\overline{\alpha }, X, Y^{n}}$-martingale.

Step 4. Identification of the Limit. Suppose that $(\overline{Y} ^{n},\overline{Z}^{n},\overline{W}^{n})$ is the unique solution of the following BSDE:

$$\begin{aligned} \overline{Y}_{t}^{n}={} & g({X}_{T}) + \int _{t}^{T} {f} \bigl(s, \overline{ \alpha }_{s},{ X}_{s},\overline{Y}_{s}^{n} \bigr)\,ds - \int _{t}^{T} \overline{Z}_{s}^{n} \,d\overline{B}_{s} \\ &{}-\sum_{j\in \overline{I}} \int _{t}^{T} \overline{W}_{s}^{n} (j)\,d \tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}'(j)- \frac{1}{{\varepsilon }} \int _{t}^{T} D \phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl( \overline{Y}_{s}^{n} \bigr) \,ds, \end{aligned}$$

where $\overline{B}_{t}$ is a Brownian motion. For its construction, one can see Tao et al. [3].

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathbb{E} \bigl\vert Y_{t}^{n}- \overline{Y}_{t}^{n} \bigr\vert ^{2} + \mathbb{E} \bigl[M^{n}- \overline{M}^{n} \bigr]_{T} -\mathbb{E} \bigl[M^{n}-\overline{M}^{n} \bigr]_{t} \\ &\quad = 2\mathbb{E} \int _{t}^{T} \bigl\langle Y_{s}^{n}- \overline{Y}_{s}^{n}, f \bigl(s,\overline{\alpha }_{s}, X_{s},Y_{s}^{n} \bigr)-{f} \bigl(s,\overline{\alpha } _{s},X_{s}, \overline{Y}_{s}^{n} \bigr) \bigr\rangle \,ds \\ &\qquad{} - 2 \mathbb{E} \int _{t}^{T} \biggl\langle Y_{s}^{n}- \overline{Y}_{s}^{n}, \frac{1}{ {\varepsilon }}D\phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(Y_{s}^{n} \bigr)- \frac{1}{{\varepsilon }}D\phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(\overline{Y}_{s}^{n} \bigr) \biggr\rangle \,ds, \end{aligned}$$

where $\overline{M}_{t}^{n}=\int _{t}^{T} \overline{Z}_{s}^{n} \,d \overline{B}_{s}+\sum_{j\in \overline{I}}\int _{t}^{T} \overline{W} _{s}^{n} (j)\,d\tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}'(j)$, the symbol $[\cdot ]_{t}$ denotes the quadratic variation process. Since ϕ is monotone, for $x,z$, it holds that

$$ \biggl\langle Y_{s}^{n}-\overline{Y}_{s}^{n}, \frac{1}{{\varepsilon }}D \phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(Y_{s}^{n} \bigr)-\frac{1}{{\varepsilon }}D \phi _{\varepsilon } \bigl(\overline{Y}_{s}^{n} \bigr) \biggr\rangle \geq 0. $$

Thus, we get $Y_{t}^{n}=\overline{Y}_{t}^{n}$ and $M_{t}^{n}= \overline{M}_{t}^{n}$ $a.s$. Therefore, the limit process is uniquely determined. □

Following the same discussion as that in Proposition 7, we can get Lemma 14 and Lemma 15 easily.

Lemma 14

Under the assumptions above, for fixed ${\varepsilon } \in (0,1]$, the sequence of processes $(Y^{{\varepsilon },n}, M^{{\varepsilon },n}, U ^{{\varepsilon },n})_{n}$converges uniformly in probability to the sequence of processes $(Y^{{\varepsilon }}, M^{{\varepsilon }}, U^{ {\varepsilon }})$as $n \rightarrow +\infty$.

Lemma 15

Under the assumptions above, the sequence of processes $(Y^{n}, M^{n}, U^{n})_{n}$converges in probability to the sequence of processes $(Y, M, U)$as $n \rightarrow +\infty$.

Proof of Theorem 11

Combining the lemmas above, we can prove that $(X^{\varepsilon },Y^{\varepsilon },M^{\varepsilon },U^{\varepsilon })$ converges in law to $(X,Y,M,U)$. □

5 Application to the homogenization of multi-valued PDEs

Then we consider the following multi-valued PDE:

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{ \partial u^{\varepsilon }}{ \partial t}(t,i,x) + \mathcal{L} u^{\varepsilon }(t,i,x) +f(t,i,x,u ^{\varepsilon }(t,i,x)) \\ \quad{}+\sum_{j\neq i,j\in I}\lambda _{ij}^{\varepsilon }(t)(u^{\varepsilon }(t,j,x)-u^{\varepsilon }(t,i,x))\in \partial \phi (u^{\varepsilon }(t,i,x)), \\ u^{\varepsilon }(T,i,x)=g(x),\qquad u^{\varepsilon }(t,i,x)\in \overline{\operatorname{Dom}(\phi )},\quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{d}, \end{cases} $$

(5.1)

and the following multi-valued PDE:

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{ \partial u}{ \partial t}(t,i,x) + \mathcal{L} u(t,i,x) +f(t,i,x,u(t,i,x)) \\ \quad{}+ \sum_{j\neq i,j\in I}\lambda _{ij}(t) (u(t,j,x)-u(t,i,x)) \in \partial \phi (u(t,i,x)), \\ u(T,i,x)=g(x),\qquad u(t,i,x)\in \overline{\operatorname{Dom}(\phi )},\quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{d}. \end{cases} $$

(5.2)

Define

$$ u^{i}(t,x)=u(t,i,x). $$

(5.3)

For $\varphi (t,x) \in \mathbb{C}^{1,2}([0,T]\times \mathbb{R}^{n})$, we define the following operator:

$$ \mathcal{L}^{i} \varphi (t,x)= \frac{1}{2} \sum _{p,q=1}^{n} a_{pq}(t,i,x) \frac{ \partial ^{2}}{\partial x_{p}\, \partial x_{q}}\varphi (t,x) + \sum_{p=1} ^{n} b_{p}(t,i,x) \frac{\partial }{\partial x_{p} } \varphi (t,x). $$

The viscosity solution of multi-valued PDEs (5.2) is defined as follows, which is similar to Definition 4.1 in [3].

Definition 16

Let $u=(u^{1},\ldots,u^{m})$ belong to $\mathbb{C}([0,T]\times \mathbb{R}^{d}; \mathbb{R}^{m})$. u is said to be a viscosity subsolution (resp. supersolution) of multi-valued PDEs (5.2), if $u^{i}(T,x)\leq g(x)$ for all $i\in I, x \in \mathbb{R}^{d}$ (resp. $u^{i}(T,x)\geq g(x)$) and for all $i\in I, (\overline{t},\overline{x})\in (0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^{d}, \varphi \in \mathbb{C}^{1,2}((0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^{d}; \mathbb{R})$ such that $(\overline{t},\overline{x})$ is a local maximum point (resp. local minimum point) of $u^{i}-\varphi$, it holds that

$$\begin{aligned} & {-}\varphi _{t} (\overline{t},\overline{x}) - \mathcal{L}^{i} \varphi ( \overline{t},\overline{x}) - f \bigl(\overline{t},i, \overline{x},u^{i}(t,x) \bigr)- \sum_{j\neq i,j\in I} \lambda _{ij}(t) \bigl(u ^{j}(\overline{t}, \overline{x})-u^{i}( \overline{t},\overline{x}) \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq -\phi _{-}' \bigl(u^{i}( \overline{t},\overline{x}) \bigr); \\ & \biggl(-\varphi _{t} (\overline{t},\overline{x}) - \mathcal{L}^{i} \varphi (\overline{t},\overline{x}) - f \bigl( \overline{t},i,\overline{x},u ^{i}(\overline{t},\overline{x}) \bigr)- \sum_{j\neq i,j\in I}\lambda _{ij}(t) \bigl(u ^{j}(\overline{t},\overline{x})-u^{i}(\overline{t}, \overline{x}) \bigr) \\ &\quad \geq -\phi _{+}' \bigl(u^{i}( \overline{t},\overline{x}) \bigr) \biggr)\quad (resp.); \end{aligned}$$

u is a viscosity solution of multi-valued PDE (5.2) if it is both a viscosity subsolution and a viscosity supersolution of PDE (5.2).

Consider the following FBSDE:

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} dX_{s}^{t,i,x} = b(s,\alpha _{s}^{t,i}, X_{s}^{t,i,x})\,ds + \sigma (s, \alpha _{s}^{t,i}, X_{s}^{t,i,x})\,dB_{s}, \\ X_{t}^{t,i,x}=x,\qquad \alpha _{t}^{t,i}=i,\quad t\leq s, \end{cases} $$

(5.4)

and

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -dY_{s}^{t,i,x} = f(s,\alpha _{s}^{t,i},X_{s}^{t,i,x},Y_{s}^{t,i,x})\,ds - Z_{s}^{t,i,x}\,dB_{s} \\ \phantom{-dY_{s}^{t,i,x} =}{}-\sum_{j\in I} W_{s}^{t,i,x}(j)\,d\tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}(j)+ \partial \phi (Y_{s}^{t,i,x})\,ds, \\ Y_{T}^{t,i,x}=g(X_{T}^{t,i,x}),\quad t\leq s \leq T. \end{cases} $$

(5.5)

Define

$$ u^{i}(t,x) \triangleq Y_{t}^{t,i,x}. $$

(5.6)

Note that $u=u(u^{1},\ldots,u^{m})$ defined above is a deterministic measurable function.

For $f+\bigtriangledown \phi$ satisfying the conditions of Lemma 4.2 of [3], we have the following result.

Lemma 17

For all $(t,i,x)\in [0,T]\times I \times \mathbb{R}^{d}$, we have a.s.

$$\begin{aligned} &Y_{s}^{t,i,x} = u \bigl(s,\alpha _{s}^{t,i}, X_{s}^{t,i,x} \bigr), \\ &W_{s}^{t,i,x}(j) = u \bigl(s,j, X_{s}^{t,i,x} \bigr) - u \bigl(s,\alpha _{s_{-}}^{t,i}, X _{s}^{t,i,x} \bigr), \end{aligned}$$

when $j\neq \alpha _{s-}^{t,i}$.

Now, we propose the viscosity solution for (5.6).

Theorem 18

Under the assumptions above, the function $u^{i}(t,x)$defined by (5.6) is the viscosity solution of Eq. (5.2).

Proof

For $\delta \in\, ]0,1]$, let $(Y_{s}^{t,i,x,\delta }, Z _{s}^{t,i,x,\delta }, W_{s}^{t,i,x,\delta })_{t\leq s\leq T}$ be the solution of the following multi-valued BSDE:

$$\begin{aligned} Y_{s}^{t,i,x,\delta }={}& g \bigl(X_{T}^{t,i} \bigr) + \int _{t}^{T} f \bigl(s, \alpha _{s}^{t,i}, X_{s}^{t,i,x,\delta }, Y_{s}^{t,i,x,\delta } \bigr)\,ds - \int _{t}^{T} Z_{s}^{t,i,x,\delta } \,dB_{s} \\ & {}- \sum_{j\in I} \int _{t}^{T} W_{s}^{t,i,x,\delta }(j) \,d \tilde{\mathcal{V}}_{s}(j)- \int _{t}^{T}\frac{1}{\delta }D\phi _{\delta } \bigl( Y_{s}^{t,i,x,\delta } \bigr)\,ds. \end{aligned}$$

From Theorem 4.3 of [3], we obtain

$$ u_{\delta }^{i}(t,x) \triangleq Y_{t}^{t,i,x,\delta },\quad t\in [0,T], x\in \mathbb{R}^{d} $$

is a viscosity solution of the following PDE:

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{ \partial u_{\delta }^{i}}{ \partial t}(t,x) + \mathcal{L} u_{\delta }^{i}(t,x) +f(t,i,x,u_{ \delta }^{i}(t,x)) + \sum_{j\neq i,j\in I}\lambda _{ij}^{\delta }(t) (u_{\delta }^{j}(t,x)-u_{\delta }^{i}(t,x)) \\ \quad=\frac{1}{\delta } D \phi _{\delta }(u_{\delta }^{i}(t,x)), \\ u_{\delta }^{i}(T,x)=g(x),\qquad u_{\delta }^{i}(t,x)\in \overline{\operatorname{Dom}(\phi )},\quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{d}. \end{cases} $$

(5.7)

By the conclusion in Sect. 4, we have

$$ \bigl\vert u_{\delta }^{i}(t,x)-u^{i}(t,x) \bigr\vert \leq \mathbb{E} \Bigl(\sup_{s \in [t,T]} \bigl\vert Y_{s}^{t,i,x,\delta }-Y_{s}^{t,i,x} \bigr\vert \Bigr)\rightarrow 0,\quad \text{as }\delta \rightarrow 0, $$

(5.8)

for all $(t,i,x)\in [0,T]\times I \times \mathbb{R}^{d}$. Next, we prove that u is a viscosity subsolution of PDE (5.2).

There exist the sequences

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \delta _{n}\searrow 0, \\ (t_{n}, x_{n}) \in [0,T]\times \mathbb{R}^{d}, \end{cases} $$

(5.9)

such that

$$ \bigl(t_{n}, x_{n}, u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x_{n}) \bigr)\rightarrow \bigl(t,x,u^{i}(t,x) \bigr),\quad \text{as }n \rightarrow + \infty. $$

For any n, we have

$$\begin{aligned} &{-}\frac{ \partial u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}}{ \partial t_{n}}(t_{n},x_{n}) -\mathcal{L} u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x _{n}) -f \bigl(t_{n},i,x_{n},u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x_{n}) \bigr) \\ &\qquad{} -\sum_{j\neq i,j\in I}\lambda _{ij}^{\delta _{n}}(t) \bigl(u_{ \delta _{n}}^{j}(t_{n},x_{n})- u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x_{n}) \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq \frac{1}{\delta _{n}} D \phi _{\delta _{n}} \bigl(u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t _{n},x_{n}) \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

(5.10)

Let $y\in \operatorname{Dom}(\phi )$, $y< u^{i}(t,x)$, by (5.8), the uniform convergence $u_{\delta }\rightarrow u$ on compacts indicates that there exists $n_{0} > 0$ such that $y < u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x_{n})$ for $n\geq n_{0}$. Multiplying Eq. (5.10) by $u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x_{n})-y$, we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl\{ -\frac{ \partial u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}}{ \partial t_{n}}(t_{n},x_{n})- \mathcal{L} u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x _{n}) -f \bigl(t_{n},i,x_{n},u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x_{n}) \bigr) \\ &\qquad{} -\sum_{j\neq i,j\in I}\lambda _{ij}(t) \bigl(u_{\delta _{n}}^{j}(t _{n},x_{n})- u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x_{n}) \bigr) \biggr\} \bigl(u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x_{n})-y \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq \phi (y)-\phi \bigl(J_{\delta _{n}} \bigl(u_{\delta _{n}}^{i}(t_{n},x _{n}) \bigr) \bigr), \end{aligned}$$

(5.11)

passing to $\liminf_{n\rightarrow +\infty }$ on both sides of Eq. (5.11), we have that, for all $y < u^{i}(t,x)$,

$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl\{ -\frac{ \partial u^{i}}{ \partial t}(t,x)- \mathcal{L}u^{i}(t,x)-f \bigl(t,i,x,u^{i}(t,x) \bigr) \\ & \qquad{}-\sum_{j\neq i,j\in I}\lambda _{ij}(t) \bigl(u^{j}(t,x)- u^{i}(t,x) \bigr) \biggr\} \bigl(u^{i}(t,x)-y \bigr) \\ &\quad\leq \phi (y)-\phi \bigl(u^{i}(t,x) \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

(5.12)

It follows that

$$\begin{aligned} &{-}\frac{ \partial u^{i}}{ \partial t}(t,x)- \mathcal{L}u^{i}(t,x) - f \bigl(t,i,x,u^{i}(t,x) \bigr)- \sum_{j\neq i,j\in I} \lambda _{ij}(t) \bigl(u^{j}(t,x)- u^{i}(t,x) \bigr) \\ &\quad \leq -\phi _{-}' \bigl(u^{i}(t,x) \bigr), \end{aligned}$$

i.e., u is a viscosity subsolution of Eq. (5.2). By similar arguments, we can show that u is a viscosity supersolution of Eq. (5.2). As the same idea of Theorem 4.2 of Pardoux and Răşcanu [6], the uniqueness comes out. □

Corollary 19

Let $u^{\varepsilon }(t,x)$be the unique viscosity solution for the multi-valued PDE (5.1). Then, for $t\in [0,T], x\in \mathbb{R}^{d}$, $u^{\varepsilon }$converges to the unique viscosity solution $u(t,x)$of (5.2) as $\varepsilon \to 0$.