On a class of analytic functions associated to a complex domain concerning q-differential-difference operator

Abstract

In our current investigation, we apply the idea of quantum calculus and the convolution product to amend a generalized Salagean q-differential operator. By considering the new operator and the typical version of the Janowski function, we designate definite new classes of analytic functions in the open unit disk. Significant properties of these modules are considered, and recurrent sharp consequences and geometric illustrations are realized. Applications are considered to find the existence of solutions of a new class of q-Briot–Bouquet differential equations.

Introduction

The q-calculus motivates to build a new method of q-special functions, new differential and difference operators and generalized well-known differential and difference equations. The structure of q-calculus improves different modules of orthogonal polynomials and functions as regards the procedure of their traditional complements. The joining between equilibriums of differential formulas (equations, operators and inequalities) and their solutions is one of the most beneficial and well-designed tools for studying properties of the special functions in mathematical analysis and mathematical physics. The consequence of these concerns in applications to solve physical problems need not be strained. The q-operators usually realize q-difference equations (which may include derivatives). We show the close connection between these operators of q-difference equations. In certain studies, we shall present a technique for developing and understanding from a geometric viewpoint numerous properties and characteristics of q-operators.

The theory of q-calculus mainly was recently developed. Studies of q-difference equations were widely performed essentially by Carmichael [1], Jackson [2], Mason [3], and Trjitzinsky [4]. Investigation concerning the geometric function theory and q-theory together was first given by Ismail et al.[5]. Many differential and integral operators can be recorded in terms of convolution, such as the Sàlàgean differential operator [6], Al-Oboudi differential operator [7], and the generalized differential operator [8]. It is an advantage that the method of convolution aids investigators in extra investigation of the geometric properties for some well-known classes of analytic univalent functions.

Newly, Naeem et al. [9] announced investigations of classes linking the Sàlàgean q-differential operator. By joining the q-calculus and the generalized Sàlàgean differential operator [8], we present a new generalized q-operator called the generalized Sàlàgean q-differential operator. By using the new formula of this operator, we formulate some new classes and investigate the geometric consequences of them.

Precursory

We intend to require and assume the following throughout this study. A function ${\upsilon }\in {\varLambda }$ is known as univalent in $\mathbb{U}$ (the open unit disk) if it definitely obeys: if $\xi _{1}{\ne }\xi _{2}$ in $\mathbb{U}=\{z \in \mathbb{C}: |z|<1\}$ then $\psi (\xi _{1}){\ne }\psi (\xi _{2})$ or equivalently, if $\upsilon ( \xi _{1})=\upsilon (\xi _{2})$ then $\xi _{1}=\xi _{2}$. Without loss of generality, we suggest the letter Λ for our univalent functions as regards the construction

$$ \upsilon (z)=z+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } \vartheta _{n} z^{n},\quad z \in \mathbb{U}. $$

(1)

We let $\mathcal{S}$ denote the class of such functions ${\upsilon } \in {\varLambda }$ as are univalent in $\mathbb{U}$.

A function ${\upsilon }\in {\mathcal{S}}$ is recalled starlike w.r.t. $(0,0)$ in $\mathbb{U}$ if the linear cut associating the origin to every other point of $\upsilon (z), |z|=r<1$ is set entirely in $\upsilon (z), |z|=r<1$ (every point of $\upsilon (z)$ be observable from the origin). A function ${\upsilon }\in {\mathcal{S}}$ is called convex in $\mathbb{U}$ if the linear slice fitting together any two points of $\upsilon (z), |z|=r<1$ is set entirely in $\upsilon (z), |z|=r<1$ or a function ${\upsilon }\in {\mathcal{S}}$ is convex in $\mathbb{U}$ if it is starlike. We address the class of functions ${\upsilon }\in {\mathcal{S}}$ that are starlike with respect to the origin by ${\mathcal{S}}^{*}$ and convex in $\mathbb{U}$ by $\mathcal{C}$.

Connected to the classes ${\mathcal{S}}^{*}$ and $\mathcal{C}$, we address the class $\mathcal{P}$ of all analytic functions υ in $\mathbb{U}$ with a positive real part in $\mathbb{U}$ and ${\upsilon }(0)=1$. In fact ${\psi }\in {\mathcal{S}}^{*}$ if and only if $z\upsilon '(z)/\upsilon (z) \in {\mathcal{P}}$ and ${\upsilon }\in {\mathcal{C}}$ if and only if $1+z\upsilon ''(z)/ \upsilon '(z) \in {\mathcal{P}}$. Extensively, for a positive number ${\sigma } \in [0,1)$, we address the class ${\mathcal{P}}( \sigma )$ of analytic functions υ in $\mathbb{U}$ with ${\upsilon }(0)=1$ such that $\Re ({\upsilon }(z))>{\sigma }$ for all ${z}\in {\mathbb{U}}$. Note that [10] ${\mathcal{P}}({\sigma }_{2}) \subset {\mathcal{P}}({\sigma }_{1}) \subset {\mathcal{P}}(0) \equiv {\mathcal{P}}$ for $0<{\sigma }_{1}<{\sigma }_{2}$. According to [11], for two functions υ and $\nu \in \varLambda$, the function υ is subordinate to ν, denoted by $\upsilon \prec \nu$, if there occurs a Schwarz function ς with $\varsigma (0)=0$ and $|\varsigma (z)|<1$ such that $\upsilon (z) = \nu (\varsigma (z))$ for all $z \in {\mathbb{U}}$. Clearly, $\upsilon (z) \prec \nu (z)$ is analogous to $\upsilon (0) =\nu (0)$ and $\upsilon ({\mathbb{U}}) \subset \nu ({\mathbb{U}})$.

It is advantageous stating that the method of convolution helps investigators in extra investigations of the geometric properties of analytic functions. For any non-negative integer n, the q-integer number n, symbolized by $[n, q]$, is formulated as $[n, q] = \frac{1-q ^{n}}{1-q}$, where $[0, q] =0$, $[1, q] =1$ and $\lim_{q\rightarrow 1^{-}} [n, q] =n$. The q-difference operator of the analytic function υ is formulated by the construction

$$ \Delta _{q}\upsilon (z)= \frac{\upsilon (qz)-\upsilon (z)}{qz-z},\quad z \in {\mathbb{U}}. $$

Clearly, $\Delta _{q} z^{n}= [n,q] z^{n-1}$ and for $\upsilon \in \varLambda$, we have

$$ \Delta _{q} \upsilon (z)= \sum_{n=1}^{\infty } \vartheta _{n} [n,q] z ^{n-1}, \quad z \in {\mathbb{U}}, \vartheta _{1}=1. $$

For $\upsilon \in \varLambda$, Govindaraj and Sivasubramanian presented the Sàlàgean q-differential operator [12]

$$ S^{0}_{q} \upsilon (z)=\upsilon (z),\qquad S^{1}_{q}\upsilon (z)= z \Delta _{q} \upsilon (z), \ldots, S^{k}_{q} \upsilon (z)=z \Delta _{q} \bigl( S^{k-1}_{q}\upsilon (z) \bigr), $$

where k is a positive integer. A calculation dependent on the formula of $\Delta _{q}$ shows $S^{k}_{q}\upsilon (z)= \upsilon (z)*\varOmega _{q} ^{k}(z)$, where ∗ is the convolution product, $\varOmega _{q}^{k}(z)= z+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } [n,q]^{k} z^{n}$ and $S^{k}_{q}\upsilon (z)=z+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } [n,q]^{k} \vartheta _{n} z^{n}$. It is clear that

$$ \lim_{q\rightarrow 1^{-}}S^{k}_{q}\upsilon (z)=z+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } n^{k} \vartheta _{n} z^{n}, $$

the normalized Sàlàgean differential operator [6].

For a function $\upsilon (z)$ and a constant $\kappa \in \mathbb{R}$, we construct the generalized q-Sàlàgean differential-difference operator (q-SDD) employing the idea of $\Delta _{q}$ as follows:

$$\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned} & \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,0}\upsilon (z)= \upsilon (z), \\ & \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,1} \upsilon (z)=z \Delta _{q} \upsilon (z)+\frac{ \kappa }{2} \bigl( \upsilon (z)-\upsilon (-z)-2z \bigr) \\ &\phantom{\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,1} \upsilon (z)} =z+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } \biggl([n,q]+ \frac{\kappa }{2} \bigl(1+(-1)^{n+1}\bigr) \biggr) \vartheta _{n} z^{n}, \\ & \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,2}\upsilon (z)= \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,1} \bigl[ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,1} \upsilon (z)\bigr]= z+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } \biggl([n,q]+\frac{\kappa }{2} \bigl(1+(-1)^{n+1}\bigr) \biggr) ^{2} \vartheta _{n} z^{,}n \\ & \vdots \\ & \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)= \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,1} \bigl[ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k-1} \upsilon (z)\bigr]= z+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } \biggl([n,q]+\frac{\kappa }{2} \bigl(1+(-1)^{n+1}\bigr) \biggr)^{k} \vartheta _{n} z^{n} . \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(2)

Obviously, $\lim_{q\rightarrow 1^{-}}\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)$ implies the generalized Sàlàgean differential–difference operator [8], which is a special type of Dunkl operator with Dunkl constant κ in the open unit disk [13]. Moreover, when $\kappa =0 (\lim_{q\rightarrow 1^{-}} \mathcal{S}_{q}^{0,k}\upsilon (z))$, we have the normalized Sàlàgean differential operator [6]. Finally, when $\kappa =0$, we have the q-Sàlàgean differential operator ($\mathcal{S}_{q}^{0,k}\upsilon (z)$) (see [12]).

Based on the operator (2), we introduce the following classes.

Definition 2.1

A function $\upsilon \in \varLambda$ is in the class $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,k,h)$ if and only if

$$ S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,k,h) = \biggl\{ \psi \in \varLambda : \frac{z ( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z))'}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)}\prec h(z), h \in \mathcal{C} \biggr\} . $$

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h)$;

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h), h(z)=\frac{1+Az}{1+Bz}$ (see [14,15,16]);

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h), h(z)=\frac{2}{1+e^{-z}}$ (see [17]);

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h), h(z)=\frac{1+\epsilon ^{2}z^{2}}{1-\epsilon ^{2}-\epsilon ^{2}z^{2}}, \epsilon = \frac{1- \sqrt{5}}{2}$ (see [18, 19]);

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h), h(z)=1+\frac{\beta - \alpha }{\pi }i \log (\frac{1-\exp (2\pi i(\frac{1-\alpha }{ \beta -\alpha }) )z}{1-z})$ (see [20]);

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h), h(z)=1+\frac{2}{\pi (1- \alpha )}i \log (\frac{1-\exp (\pi i(1-\alpha )^{2}z}{1-z})$ (see [21]);

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h), h(z)=\sqrt{1+z}$ (see [22]);

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h), h(z)=1+\sin (z)$ (see [23]);

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h), h(z)=1+\cos (z)$ (see [24]);

• $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,0,h)=\mathcal{S}^{*}(h), h(z)= (\frac{1+z}{1+( \frac{1-c}{c})z} )^{\frac{1}{\mu }}, \mu \geq 1, c\geq 0.5$ (see [25]).

Definition 2.2

If $\upsilon \in \varLambda$, then $\upsilon \in \mathbb{J}_{q}^{\kappa ,b} (A,B,k)$ if and only if

$$\begin{aligned} &1+\frac{1}{b} \biggl( \frac{2 \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k+1} \upsilon (z) }{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)- \mathcal{S}_{q}^{ \kappa ,k}\upsilon (-z)} \biggr) \prec \frac{1+Az}{1+Bz} \\ &\quad \bigl(z \in \mathbb{U}, -1\leq B< A\leq 1, k=1,2,\ldots, b \in \mathbb{C} \setminus \{0\}, \kappa \in \mathbb{R} \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

• $\kappa =0, q\rightarrow 1^{-} \Longrightarrow$ [26];

• $\kappa =0, B=0, q\rightarrow 1^{-} \Longrightarrow$ [27];

• $\kappa =0, A=1,B=-1 , b=2, q\rightarrow 1^{-} \Longrightarrow$ [28];

• $q\rightarrow 1^{-} \Longrightarrow$ [8].

We shall study the geometric significance of the special classes $S_{q}^{*}(\lambda ,k,h)$ and $\mathbb{J}_{q}^{\lambda ,b} (A,B,k)$ by using the following preliminaries, which can be found in [11].

Lemma 2.1

Suppose the following data: ${a}\in {\mathbb{C}}$, a positive integernand

$$ \mathfrak{H}[\vartheta ,n] = \bigl\{ \upsilon :\upsilon (z)= \vartheta + \vartheta _{n}z^{n}+\vartheta _{n+1}z^{n+1}+ \cdots \bigr\} . $$

• i. If $\wp \in \mathbb{R}$then $\Re (\upsilon (z)+ \wp z \upsilon '(z) )>0 \Longrightarrow \Re (\upsilon (z) )>0$. Moreover, if $\wp >0$and ${\upsilon }\in \mathfrak{H}[1,n]$, then there are constants $\ell >0$and $\flat >0$with $\flat =\flat (\wp ,\ell ,n)$so that

  $$ \upsilon (z)+\wp z{\upsilon }'(z) \prec \biggl[ \frac{1+z}{1-z} \biggr] ^{\flat }\quad\Rightarrow\quad {\upsilon }(z)\prec \biggl[\frac{1+z}{1-z} \biggr] ^{\ell }. $$

• ii. If $\nu \in [0,1)$and $\psi \in \mathfrak{H}[1,n]$then there is a constant ${\ell }>0$withℓso that

  $$ \Re \bigl(\upsilon ^{2}(z)+2{\upsilon }(z).z{\upsilon }'(z) \bigr)> \nu \quad\Rightarrow\quad \Re \bigl(\upsilon (z)\bigr)> \ell . $$

• iii. If $\upsilon \in \mathfrak{H}[\vartheta ,n]$with $\Re ( \vartheta ) >0$then

  $$ \Re \bigl(\upsilon (z)+z\upsilon '(z)+z^{2} \upsilon ''(z) \bigr)>0 $$

  or for $\alpha : \mathbb{U} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$with

  $$ \Re \biggl(\upsilon (z)~+~\alpha (z) \frac{z\upsilon '(z)}{\upsilon (z)} \biggr)>0 $$

  then $\Re (\upsilon (z))> 0$.

Outcomes

In this section, we study the geometric properties of the classes $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,k,h)$ and $\mathbb{J}_{q}^{\kappa ,b} (A,B,k)$ and the consequences of these classes for recent investigations by researchers.

Theorem 3.1

For $\upsilon \in \varLambda$if one of the following statements is given:

• $\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)$is of bounded boundary rotation;

• υsatisfies the subordination structure

  $$ \bigl( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) \bigr)' \prec \biggl(\frac{1+z}{1-z} \biggr) ^{\flat },\quad \flat >0, z \in {\mathbb{U}}; $$

• υfulfills the layout

  $$ \Re \biggl(\bigl( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) \bigr)' \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)}{z} \biggr)> \frac{\varsigma }{2},\quad \varsigma \in [0,1), z \in {\mathbb{U}}, $$

• υobeys the relation

  $$ \Re \biggl( z \bigl( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z) \bigr)'' -\bigl( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)\bigr)' + 2 \frac{\mathcal{S}_{q} ^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z) }{z} \biggr)> 0, $$

• υadmits the relation

  $$ \Re \biggl( \frac{z (\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z))' }{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) } + 2 \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q} ^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)}{z} \biggr)> 1, $$

then $\frac{\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)}{z} \in {\mathcal{P}}(\sigma )$for some $\sigma \in [0,1)$.

Proof

Consider a function ρ as follows:

$$ \rho (z)= \frac{\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)}{z}\quad \Rightarrow \quad z\rho '(z)+ \rho (z)= \bigl( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)\bigr)'. $$

(3)

By the first conclusion, $\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)$ is of bounded boundary rotation, it implies that $\Re ( z\rho '(z)+ \rho (z))>0$. Thus, by Lemma 2.1.i, we obtain $\Re (\rho (z))>0$ which implies the first part of the theorem.

According to the second part, we have the subject subordination layout

$$ \bigl( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z) \bigr)'=z\rho '(z)+ \rho (z) \prec \biggl[ \frac{1+z}{1-z}\biggr]^{\flat }. $$

Now, according to Lemma 2.1.i, there is a constant $\ell >0$ with $\flat =\flat (\ell )$ accepting the subordination

$$ \frac{\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)}{z}\prec \biggl(\frac{1+z}{1-z} \biggr) ^{\ell }. $$

This implies that

$$ \Re \biggl(\frac{\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)}{z} \biggr)> \sigma , \quad \sigma \in [0,1). $$

Continuing, we address the third part, which implies that

$$ \Re \bigl(\rho ^{2}(z)+2\rho (z) . z\rho '(z) \bigr)=2\Re \biggl(\bigl( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)\bigr)' \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{ \kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)}{z} \biggr) > \varsigma . $$

(4)

In virtue of Lemma 2.1.ii, there is a constant ${\ell }>0$ such that $\Re (\rho (z))>\ell$ and

$$ \rho (z) = \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) }{z} \in {\mathcal{P}}(\sigma ), \quad \sigma \in [0,1). $$

It follows from (4) that $\Re ( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z))' )>0$ and thus by the Noshiro–Warschawski and Kaplan theorems that $\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)$ is univalent and of bounded boundary rotation in $\mathbb{U}$.

By differentiating (3) and taking the real part, we have

$$\begin{aligned} \Re \bigl( \rho (z)+z\rho '(z)+z^{2} \rho ''(z) \bigr) = \Re \biggl( z\bigl( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)\bigr)'' -\bigl(\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z) \bigr)' + 2 \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) }{z} \biggr)> 0. \end{aligned}$$

Thus, in view of Lemma 2.1-ii, we attain $\Re (\frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)}{z})>0$.

By logarithmic differentiation (3) and taking the real part, we obtain the following:

$$\begin{aligned} \Re \biggl( \rho (z)+\frac{z\rho '(z)}{\rho (z)}+z^{2} \rho ''(z) \biggr) &=\Re \biggl( \frac{z (\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) )' }{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)} + 2 \frac{ \mathcal{S} _{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) }{z} -1 \biggr)> 0. \end{aligned}$$

Thus, according to Lemma 2.1-iii, where $\alpha (z)=1$, we get $\Re ( \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)}{z})>0$. □

Theorem 3.2

Consider $\upsilon \in S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,k,h)$, where $h(z)$is convex univalent function in $\mathbb{U}$. Then

$$ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z) \prec z \exp \biggl( \int ^{z} _{0} \frac{h(\eth (w))-1}{w} \,d w \biggr), $$

where $\eth (z)$is analytic in $\mathbb{U}$, with $\eth (0) = 0$and $|\eth (z)| < 1$. Moreover, for $|z|=\chi$, $\mathcal{S}_{q}^{ \kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)$fulfills the formula

$$ \exp \biggl( \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h\eth (-\chi ))-1}{\chi } \biggr) \,d \chi \leq \biggl\vert \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)}{z} \biggr\vert \leq \exp \biggl( \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (\chi ))-1}{\chi } \biggr) \,d \chi . $$

Proof

Since $\psi \in S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,k,h)$, we get

$$ \biggl(\frac{z( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z))'}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)} \biggr) \prec h(z), \quad z \in \mathbb{U}, $$

which leads to a Schwarz function with $\eth (0) = 0$ and $|\eth (z)| < 1$ satisfying the following equality:

$$ \biggl(\frac{z( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z))'}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)} \biggr) = h\bigl(\eth (z)\bigr),\quad z \in \mathbb{U}. $$

A calculation gives

$$ \biggl(\frac{( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \psi (z))'}{ \mathcal{S} _{q}^{\kappa ,k} \psi (z)} \biggr)- \frac{1}{z} = \frac{ h(\eth (z))-1}{z}. $$

By integrating both sides, we obtain

$$ \log \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)-\log z= \int ^{z}_{0} \frac{h( \eth (w))-1}{w} \,d w. $$

Thus, we have

$$ \log \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)}{ z}= \int ^{z} _{0} \frac{h(\eth (\xi ))-1}{w} \,d w. $$

(5)

By utilizing the meaning of subordination, we conclude that

$$ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) \prec z \exp \biggl( \int ^{z} _{0} \frac{h(\eth (w))-1}{w} \,dw \biggr). $$

Besides, we find that the function $h(z)$ maps the disk $0< |z|< \chi <1$ onto a domain which is convex and symmetric with respect to the real axis, which means

$$ h\bigl(-\chi \vert z \vert \bigr) \leq \Re \bigl(h\bigl(\eth (\chi z)\bigr) \bigr) \leq h\bigl(\chi \vert z \vert \bigr), \quad \chi \in (0,1), $$

then we obtain the next relations:

$$ h(-\chi ) \leq h\bigl(-\chi \vert z \vert \bigr),\qquad h\bigl(\chi \vert z \vert \bigr) \leq h(\chi ), $$

and

$$ \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (-\chi \vert z \vert ))-1}{\chi }\,d\chi \leq \Re \biggl( \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (\chi ))-1}{\chi } \,d\chi \biggr)\leq \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (\chi \vert z \vert ))-1}{\chi }\,d\chi . $$

By employing Eq. (5), we deduce that

$$ \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (-\chi \vert z \vert ))-1}{\chi }\,d \chi \leq \log \biggl\vert \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)}{ z} \biggr\vert \leq \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (\chi \vert z \vert ))-1}{\chi }\,d\chi , $$

which leads to

$$ \exp \biggl( \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (-\chi \vert z \vert ))-1}{\chi }\,d\chi \biggr) \leq \biggl\vert \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)}{ z} \biggr\vert \leq \exp \biggl( \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (\chi \vert z \vert ))-1}{ \chi }\,d\chi \biggr). $$

Hence, we have

$$ \exp \biggl( \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (-\chi ))-1}{\eta } \biggr) \,d \chi \leq \biggl\vert \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)}{z} \biggr\vert \leq \exp \biggl( \int ^{1}_{0} \frac{h(\eth (\chi ))-1}{\chi } \biggr) \,d \chi . $$

 □

Corollary 3.1

([8])

Let $q \longrightarrow 1$in Theorem 3.2. Then

$$ \mathcal{S}_{1}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) \prec z \exp \biggl( \int ^{z} _{0} \frac{h(\eth (w))-1}{w} \,d w \biggr). $$

Note that all the special cases of the class $S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,k,h)$ can be considered as consequences of Theorem 3.2.

Theorem 3.3

If $\upsilon \in \mathbb{J}_{q}^{\kappa ,b} (A,B,k)$ then the odd function

$$ \mathfrak{B}(z)=\frac{1}{2} \bigl[\upsilon (z)-\upsilon (-z)\bigr],\quad z \in \mathbb{U,} $$

attains the subordination inequalities

$$ 1+\frac{1}{b} \biggl( \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k+1} \mathfrak{B}(z)}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \mathfrak{B}(z)}-1 \biggr) \prec \frac{1+Az}{1+Bz} $$

and

$$\begin{aligned} &\Re \biggl( \frac{z \mathfrak{B}(z)'}{ \mathfrak{B}(z)} \biggr) \geq \frac{1- \varrho ^{2}}{1+\varrho ^{2}},\quad \vert z \vert =\varrho < 1, \\ &\quad \bigl(z \in \mathbb{U}, -1\leq B< A\leq 1, k=1,2,\ldots, b \in \mathbb{C} \setminus \{0\}, \kappa \in \mathbb{R} \bigr). \end{aligned}$$

Proof

Let $\upsilon \in \mathbb{J}_{q}^{\kappa ,b} (A,B,k)$. Then there exists a function $P \in \mathbb{J}(A,B)$ with the layout

$$ b \bigl(P(z)-1\bigr)= \biggl( \frac{2 \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k+1}\upsilon (z)}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)- \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (-z)} \biggr) $$

and

$$ b \bigl(P(-z)-1\bigr)= \biggl( \frac{-2 \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k+1}\upsilon (-z)}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)- \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (-z)} \biggr). $$

This yields

$$ 1+\frac{1}{b} \biggl( \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k+1} \mathfrak{B}(z)}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \mathfrak{B}(z)}-1 \biggr)= \frac{P(z)+P(-z)}{2}. $$

In addition, since P fulfills the inequality

$$ P(z) \prec \frac{1+Az}{1+Bz}, $$

where $\frac{1+Az}{1+Bz}$ is univalent, by the idea of subordination, we obtain

$$ 1+\frac{1}{b} \biggl( \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k+1} \mathfrak{B}(z)}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \mathfrak{B}(z)}-1 \biggr) \prec \frac{1+Az}{1+Bz}. $$

Also, the odd function $\mathfrak{B}(z)$ is starlike in $\mathbb{U,}$ which produces the subordination inequality

$$ \frac{z \mathfrak{B}(z)'}{ \mathfrak{B}(z)} \prec \frac{1-z^{2}}{1+z ^{2}}, $$

that is, there exists a Schwarz function $\gamma \in \mathbb{U}, | \gamma (z)| \leq |z|<1, \gamma (0)=0$ with the property

$$ \varXi (z):=\frac{z \mathfrak{B}(z)'}{ \mathfrak{B}(z)} \prec \frac{1- \gamma (z)^{2}}{1+\gamma (z)^{2}}, $$

which leads to

$$ \gamma ^{2}(\zeta )=\frac{1-\varXi (\zeta )}{1+\varXi (\zeta )}, \quad \zeta \in \mathbb{U}, \zeta , \vert \zeta \vert =r< 1. $$

A computation implies that

$$ \biggl\vert \frac{1-\varXi (\zeta )}{1+\varXi (\zeta )} \biggr\vert = \bigl\vert \gamma (\zeta ) \bigr\vert ^{2} \leq \vert \zeta \vert ^{2}. $$

Therefore, we get the following inequality:

$$ \biggl\vert \varXi (\zeta )- \frac{1+ \vert \zeta \vert ^{4}}{1- \vert \zeta \vert ^{4}} \biggr\vert ^{2} \leq \frac{ 4 \vert \zeta \vert ^{4}}{(1- \vert \zeta \vert ^{4})^{2}} $$

or

$$ \biggl\vert \varXi (z)- \frac{1+ \vert \zeta \vert ^{4}}{1- \vert \zeta \vert ^{4}} \biggr\vert \leq \frac{2 \zeta |^{2}}{(1- \vert \zeta \vert ^{4})}. $$

Consequently, we obtain the result

$$ \Re \bigl(\varXi (z)\bigr) \geq \frac{1-\varrho ^{2}}{1+\varrho ^{2}}, \qquad \vert \zeta \vert = \varrho < 1. $$

 □

The following consequences of Theorem 3.3 can be found in [26, 27] and [8], respectively.

Corollary 3.2

Let $\lambda =1$in Theorem 3.3. Then

$$ 1+\frac{1}{b} \biggl( \frac{\mathcal{S}_{q}^{0,k+1}\mathfrak{B}(z)}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{0,k} \mathfrak{B}(z)}-1 \biggr) \prec \frac{1+Az}{1+Bz}. $$

Corollary 3.3

Let $\kappa =0, k=1$and $q \longrightarrow 1$in Theorem 3.3. Then

$$ 1+\frac{1}{b} \biggl( \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{0,2}\mathfrak{B}(z)}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{0,1} \mathfrak{B}(z)}-1 \biggr) \prec \frac{1+Az}{1+Bz}. $$

Corollary 3.4

Let $q \longrightarrow 1$in Theorem 3.3. Then

$$ 1+\frac{1}{b} \biggl( \frac{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k+1} \mathfrak{B}(z)}{\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \mathfrak{B}(z)}-1 \biggr) \prec \frac{1+Az}{1+Bz}. $$

Applications

We produce a presentation of our results established by the solution of the complex Briot–Bouquet (BB) differential equation [11]. The class of complex Briot–Bouquet differential equations is a link of differential equations whose consequences are visible in the complex plane. Accruing integrals shade special paths to follow, which have singularities and branch points of the equation we must study. Existence and uniqueness theorems contain the efficacy of upper and lower (subordination and superordination relations) (see [29,30,31,32]). The study of the rational first ODEs in the complex domain indicates new transcendental special functions as follows:

$$ \beta \upsilon (z)+(1-\beta )\frac{z(\upsilon (z))'}{\upsilon (z)} = h(z), \qquad h(0)=\upsilon (0),\quad \beta \in [0,1]. $$

Many applications of these equations in geometric function theory have newly been researched in [11]. Our goal is to propagate this class of equations by applying the suggested operator and establishing its solutions using the subordination relations. The q-SDD in (2) propagates the complex Briot–Bouquet differential equation as follows:

$$ \beta \upsilon (z)+ (1-\beta ) \biggl(\frac{z(\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z))'}{\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)} \biggr) = h(z),\qquad h(0)=\upsilon (0),\quad z \in \mathbb{U}. $$

(6)

The subordination conditions and distortion bounds for a class of complex conformable fractional derivative are given in the next theorem. A trivial solution of (6) is given when $\beta =1$. Therefore, our study concerns the case with $\upsilon \in \varLambda$ and $\beta =0$.

Theorem 4.1

Consider Eq. (6) with $\beta =0$and $\psi \in \varLambda$with non-negative coefficients. If $h(z), z \in \mathbb{U}$is univalent convex in $\mathbb{U}$then there exists a solution satisfying the subordination (major solution)

$$ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z) \prec z \exp \biggl( \int ^{z} _{0} \frac{h(\eth (w))-1}{w} \,d w \biggr), $$

(7)

where $\eth (z)$is analytic in $\mathbb{U}$, with $\eth (0) = 0$and $|\eth (z)| < 1$.

Proof

Collect all the assumptions of Eq. (6), and $\upsilon (z) \in \varLambda$. Then we get the following conclusion:

$$\begin{aligned} & \Re \biggl( \frac{z ( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z))'}{ \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)} \biggr)>0 \\ & \quad\Leftrightarrow\quad \Re \biggl( \frac{ z+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty }n ([n,q]+\frac{ \kappa }{2} (1+(-1)^{n+1}) )^{k} \vartheta _{n} z^{n}}{ z+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } ([n,q]+\frac{\kappa }{2} (1+(-1)^{n+1}) ) ^{k} \vartheta _{n} z^{n}} \biggr)>0 \\ &\quad\Leftrightarrow \quad\Re \biggl( \frac{1+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty }n ([n,q]+\frac{ \kappa }{2} (1+(-1)^{n+1}) )^{k} \vartheta _{n} z^{n-1}}{ 1+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } ([n,q]+\frac{\kappa }{2} (1+(-1)^{n+1}) ) ^{k} \vartheta _{n} z^{n-1}} \biggr)>0 \\ &\quad\Leftrightarrow \quad\biggl( \frac{1+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty }n ([n,q]+\frac{ \kappa }{2} (1+(-1)^{n+1}) )^{k} \vartheta _{n} }{ 1+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty } ([n,q]+\frac{\kappa }{2} (1+(-1)^{n+1}) ) ^{k} \vartheta _{n}} \biggr)>0,\quad z \rightarrow 1^{+} \\ &\quad\Leftrightarrow\quad \Biggl( 1+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty }n \biggl([n,q]+\frac{ \kappa }{2} \bigl(1+(-1)^{n+1}\bigr) \biggr)^{k} \vartheta _{n} \Biggr)>0. \end{aligned}$$

Moreover, by the definition of $\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z)$, we indicate that $(\mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon )(0)=0$. Consequently,

$$ \frac{z ( \mathcal{S}_{q}^{\kappa ,k} \upsilon (z))'}{ \mathcal{S} _{q}^{\kappa ,k}\upsilon (z)} \in {\mathcal{P}}\quad \Rightarrow \quad\upsilon (z) \in S_{q}^{*}(\kappa ,k,h). $$

Hence, in view of Theorem 3.2, we have the desired result (7). □

Conclusion

By our method, we have revealed new classes of univalent functions, which assign a q-SDD operator in the open unit disk. We obtained appropriate essential conditions of these subclasses. Applications involved the BB equation and investigated its solution in the open unit disk. For further study, we encourage researchers to introduce some certain new classes related to other kinds of analytic functions such as harmonic, symmetric, p-valent and meromorphic functions with respect to symmetric points associated by (2).