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Existence and uniqueness of solutions to complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems
Advances in Difference Equations volume 2012, Article number: 115 (2012)
Abstract
Since the quantum system, a classical example of complex-valued system, is one of the foci of ongoing research, in this paper, the issue of existence and uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear impulsive differential systems defined in complex fields, to be brief, complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems, is addressed. The existence and uniqueness conditions of solutions of such systems are established by fixed point theory.
MSC:34A37, 34A12, 34A34.
1 Introduction
Impulsive differential equations have become more important in recent years in some mathematical models of real processes and phenomena studied in physics, chemical technology, population dynamics, biotechnology and economics. Nowadays, there has been increasing interest in the analysis and synthesis of impulsive systems, or impulsive control systems, due to their theoretical and practical significance, for example [1–7] and the references therein.
As the fundamental issues of modern impulse theory, the existence and uniqueness of solutions to impulsive differential systems have been studied extensively in recent years, especially in the area of impulsive differential equations with fixed moments, see the monographs of Lakshmikantham et al.[7], Samoilenko and Perestyuk [8], the literature [9, 10] and references therein. However, the common setting adopted in the above-mentioned works is always in real number fields. In fact, equations of many classical systems such as Schrödinger equation [11], Ginzburg-Landau equation [12], Riccati equation [13] and Orr-Sommerfeld equation [14] are considered in the complex number fields. But, there have been few reports about the analysis and synthesis of complex dynamical systems, for example, [15–22] and references therein. More complex than the real system, the study on complex dynamical systems has many potential applications in science and engineering. For example, recently, research on the control theory of quantum systems has attracted considerable attention [17–19]. Quantum systems are a class of complex dynamical systems which take values in a Banach space in a complex field. Another example of complex dynamical systems is complex-valued neural networks. Complex-valued neural networks have been found highly useful in extending the scope of applications in optoelectronics, filtering, imaging, speech synthesis, computer vision, remote sensing, quantum devices, spatio-temporal analysis of physiological neural devices and systems, and artificial neural information processing [20, 21].
Although the controllability and observability of complex-valued differential systems have been discussed in the papers [15] and [16], to the best of our knowledge, there has been no result so far about the existence and uniqueness of solutions to complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems. The issue of the existence and uniqueness of solutions to complex-valued differential system, which is the premise and foundation when discussing this system, is one of the most fundamental ones. So it is very important and necessary to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions to complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems. Due to these reasons, in this paper, we consider the fundamental concepts of solutions of the complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems by an algebraic approach. The main difficulty is to investigate the conditions for existence and uniqueness of solution of complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems in the context of complex fields. Explicit characterization for existence and uniqueness of this kind of system is presented by Banach’s fixed point theorem. This problem is meaningful and challenging.
The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems to be dealt with are formulated and several results about the space of the complex-valued continuous functions are presented. The conditions for existence and uniqueness of solution of complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems are also established in Section 2. An example that illustrates the main points of the paper is presented in Section 3. Finally, some conclusions are drawn in Section 4.
2 Existence and uniqueness results
In this section, we will give the existence and uniqueness of solutions to complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems. First, we introduce notations, definitions, and preliminary facts which are used throughout this paper.
By we denote the Banach space of all continuous functions from interval J into with the norm
By we denote the Banach space of all continuous functions from interval J into with the norm
where is the i th component of . By we denote the space of all complex functions defined by
where , , denotes the k th component of , and are the real part and imaginary part of , respectively.
By we denote the space of all complex piecewise functions defined by
where , , , and , , , .
We are now able to define a complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential system on the interval ,
where , , is a given function, is a closed set. , .
The solution of the complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential system can be defined as follows.
Definition 2.1 A function is said to be a solution of (1), if satisfies
In the sequel we shall need the properties of a complex-valued function space, which we prove for reader’s convenience.
Lemma 2.2 is a Banach space in the field with the norm
Proof Let and be arbitrary two functions of , .
Step 1 is a norm of .
-
(i)
.
-
(ii)
.(iii)
So is a norm of .
Step 2 is a complete space.
Let be an arbitrary Cauchy series, then for arbitrary , exists , when ,
namely
So
the inequality (3) shows that and are the Cauchy series of , since is a Banach space, and must be convergent. Hence is convergent. The proof is completed. □
Lemma 2.3 is a Banach space in the field with the norm
whereis the norm ofwhich is restricted in.
Proof Let and be arbitrary two functions of , .
Step 1 is a norm of .
-
(i)
.
-
(ii)
.(iii)
So is a norm of .
Step 2 is a complete space.
Let be an arbitrary Cauchy series in , then for arbitrary , exists , when ,
namely
So, for every k, we have
the inequality (4) shows that the restriction functions of in are the Cauchy series of . By Lemma 2.2, is a Banach space, the restriction functions of in must be convergent. Hence is convergent. The proof is completed. □
Theorem 2.4 Letbe a continuous function. Thenis the unique solution of the initial value problem (1) if and only ifis a solution of impulsive integral equation
Proof Let be a possible solution of the complex impulsive system (1), then is a solution to
for , . Assume that , . The integration of above equality yields
Adding these together, we get
The above equality shows that is a solution to (5).
Assume that satisfies the integration equation (5), obviously
for , .
When , by (5)
Thus . By the same way, we can easily prove that , . The proof is completed. □
We are now in a position to state and prove the existence and uniqueness result of the complex impulsive system (1).
Theorem 2.5 Assume that the following hypotheses hold:
-
(i)
There exists such that
for all, .
-
(ii)
There exist constants , , such that
for each, and,
whereis the Euclid norm of. Then the complex impulsive system (1) has a unique solution in.
Proof Transform the problem (1) into a fixed point problem. Consider the map defined by
We shall show that H is a contraction. For arbitrary , then we have for each
Thus
where and τ is sufficiently large and is the norm on defined by
Therefore,
We can always choose τ, such that , so H is a contraction. By the Lemma 2.3, Theorem 2.4 and the Banach contraction principle, H has a unique fixed point which is a solution to (1). The proof is completed. □
3 Example
Example 3.1 Let , , , , , the existence and uniqueness of complex-valued nonlinear impulsive system
are considered on .
Obviously the condition (ii) of Theorem 2.4 is satisfied. Moreover, for arbitrary
so the hypothesis of the Theorem 2.5 holds. By Theorem 2.5, the complex-valued impulsive system (6) has a unique solution. In fact, the solution of the system (6) is
4 Conclusion
In this paper, the issue on the existence and uniqueness of the complex-valued nonlinear impulsive system has been addressed for the first time. Taking advantage of the differential equation theory in complex fields, the existence and uniqueness conditions for such systems have been established without imposing extra conditions.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the editor and the reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions which improved the quality of the paper. This work is supported by the NNSF of China under Grant 61174039, and by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
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TF completed the proof and wrote the initial draft. JS provided the problem and gave some suggestions on the amendment. TF then finalized the manuscript. Correspondence was mainly done by JS. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Fang, T., Sun, J. Existence and uniqueness of solutions to complex-valued nonlinear impulsive differential systems. Adv Differ Equ 2012, 115 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1847-2012-115
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1847-2012-115
Keywords
- nonlinear system
- impulsive system
- existence and uniqueness
- solution
- complex